IO(4) BSD/i386 Kernel Interfaces Manual IO(4)NAME
io — I/O privilege file
DESCRIPTION
The special file /dev/io is a controlled security hole that allows a
process to gain I/O privileges (which are normally reserved for kernel-
internal code). Any process that holds a file descriptor on /dev/io open
will get its IOPL bits in the flag register set, thus allowing it to per‐
form direct I/O operations. This can be useful in order to write user‐
land programs that handle some hardware directly. Note that even read-
only access will grant the full I/O privileges.
In addition to any file access permissions on /dev/io, the kernel
enforces that only the super-user may open this device.
FILES
/dev/io
SEE ALSOi386_get_ioperm(2), i386_set_ioperm(2), mem(4)HISTORY
The io file appeared in FreeBSD 1.0.
BSD January 1, 1996 BSD