RNDC man page on RedHat
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RNDC(8) BIND9 RNDC(8)
NAME
rndc - name server control utility
SYNOPSIS
rndc [-b source-address] [-c config-file] [-k key-file] [-s server]
[-p port] [-V] [-y key_id] {command}
DESCRIPTION
rndc controls the operation of a name server. It supersedes the ndc
utility that was provided in old BIND releases. If rndc is invoked with
no command line options or arguments, it prints a short summary of the
supported commands and the available options and their arguments.
rndc communicates with the name server over a TCP connection, sending
commands authenticated with digital signatures. In the current versions
of rndc and named, the only supported authentication algorithm is
HMAC-MD5, which uses a shared secret on each end of the connection.
This provides TSIG-style authentication for the command request and the
name server's response. All commands sent over the channel must be
signed by a key_id known to the server.
rndc reads a configuration file to determine how to contact the name
server and decide what algorithm and key it should use.
OPTIONS
-b source-address
Use source-address as the source address for the connection to the
server. Multiple instances are permitted to allow setting of both
the IPv4 and IPv6 source addresses.
-c config-file
Use config-file as the configuration file instead of the default,
/etc/rndc.conf.
-k key-file
Use key-file as the key file instead of the default, /etc/rndc.key.
The key in /etc/rndc.key will be used to authenticate commands sent
to the server if the config-file does not exist.
-s server
server is the name or address of the server which matches a server
statement in the configuration file for rndc. If no server is
supplied on the command line, the host named by the default-server
clause in the options statement of the rndc configuration file will
be used.
-p port
Send commands to TCP port port instead of BIND 9's default control
channel port, 953.
-V
Enable verbose logging.
-y key_id
Use the key key_id from the configuration file. key_id must be
known by named with the same algorithm and secret string in order
for control message validation to succeed. If no key_id is
specified, rndc will first look for a key clause in the server
statement of the server being used, or if no server statement is
present for that host, then the default-key clause of the options
statement. Note that the configuration file contains shared secrets
which are used to send authenticated control commands to name
servers. It should therefore not have general read or write access.
COMMANDS
A list of commands supported by rndc can be seen by running rndc
without arguments.
Currently supported commands are:
reload
Reload configuration file and zones.
reload zone [class [view]]
Reload the given zone.
refresh zone [class [view]]
Schedule zone maintenance for the given zone.
retransfer zone [class [view]]
Retransfer the given zone from the master.
sign zone [class [view]]
Fetch all DNSSEC keys for the given zone from the key directory
(see the key-directory option in the BIND 9 Administrator Reference
Manual). If they are within their publication period, merge them
into the zone's DNSKEY RRset. If the DNSKEY RRset is changed, then
the zone is automatically re-signed with the new key set.
This command requires that the auto-dnssec zone option be set to
allow or maintain, and also requires the zone to be configured to
allow dynamic DNS. (See "Dynamic Update Policies" in the
Administrator Reference Manual for more details.)
loadkeys zone [class [view]]
Fetch all DNSSEC keys for the given zone from the key directory. If
they are within their publication period, merge them into the
zone's DNSKEY RRset. Unlike rndc sign, however, the zone is not
immediately re-signed by the new keys, but is allowed to
incrementally re-sign over time.
This command requires that the auto-dnssec zone option be set to
maintain, and also requires the zone to be configured to allow
dynamic DNS. (See "Dynamic Update Policies" in the Administrator
Reference Manual for more details.)
freeze [zone [class [view]]]
Suspend updates to a dynamic zone. If no zone is specified, then
all zones are suspended. This allows manual edits to be made to a
zone normally updated by dynamic update. It also causes changes in
the journal file to be synced into the master file. All dynamic
update attempts will be refused while the zone is frozen.
thaw [zone [class [view]]]
Enable updates to a frozen dynamic zone. If no zone is specified,
then all frozen zones are enabled. This causes the server to reload
the zone from disk, and re-enables dynamic updates after the load
has completed. After a zone is thawed, dynamic updates will no
longer be refused. If the zone has changed and the
ixfr-from-differences option is in use, then the journal file will
be updated to reflect changes in the zone. Otherwise, if the zone
has changed, any existing journal file will be removed.
sync [-clean] [zone [class [view]]]
Sync changes in the journal file for a dynamic zone to the master
file. If the "-clean" option is specified, the journal file is also
removed. If no zone is specified, then all zones are synced.
notify zone [class [view]]
Resend NOTIFY messages for the zone.
reconfig
Reload the configuration file and load new zones, but do not reload
existing zone files even if they have changed. This is faster than
a full reload when there is a large number of zones because it
avoids the need to examine the modification times of the zones
files.
stats
Write server statistics to the statistics file.
querylog [on|off]
Enable or disable query logging. (For backward compatibility, this
command can also be used without an argument to toggle query
logging on and off.)
Query logging can also be enabled by explicitly directing the
queries category to a channel in the logging section of named.conf
or by specifying querylog yes; in the options section of
named.conf.
dumpdb [-all|-cache|-zone] [view ...]
Dump the server's caches (default) and/or zones to the dump file
for the specified views. If no view is specified, all views are
dumped.
secroots [view ...]
Dump the server's security roots to the secroots file for the
specified views. If no view is specified, security roots for all
views are dumped.
stop [-p]
Stop the server, making sure any recent changes made through
dynamic update or IXFR are first saved to the master files of the
updated zones. If -p is specified named's process id is returned.
This allows an external process to determine when named had
completed stopping.
halt [-p]
Stop the server immediately. Recent changes made through dynamic
update or IXFR are not saved to the master files, but will be
rolled forward from the journal files when the server is restarted.
If -p is specified named's process id is returned. This allows an
external process to determine when named had completed halting.
trace
Increment the servers debugging level by one.
trace level
Sets the server's debugging level to an explicit value.
notrace
Sets the server's debugging level to 0.
flush
Flushes the server's cache.
flushname name [view]
Flushes the given name from the server's DNS cache and, if
applicable, from the server's nameserver address database or
bad-server cache.
flushtree name [view]
Flushes the given name, and all of its subdomains, from the
server's DNS cache. Note that this does not affect he server's
address database or bad-server cache.
status
Display status of the server. Note that the number of zones
includes the internal bind/CH zone and the default ./IN hint zone
if there is not an explicit root zone configured.
recursing
Dump the list of queries named is currently recursing on.
validation ( on | off | check ) [view ...]
Enable, disable, or check the current status of DNSSEC validation.
Note dnssec-enable also needs to be set to yes or auto to be
effective. It defaults to enabled.
tsig-list
List the names of all TSIG keys currently configured for use by
named in each view. The list both statically configured keys and
dynamic TKEY-negotiated keys.
tsig-delete keyname [view]
Delete a given TKEY-negotiated key from the server. (This does not
apply to statically configured TSIG keys.)
addzone zone [class [view]] configuration
Add a zone while the server is running. This command requires the
allow-new-zones option to be set to yes. The configuration string
specified on the command line is the zone configuration text that
would ordinarily be placed in named.conf.
The configuration is saved in a file called hash.nzf, where hash is
a cryptographic hash generated from the name of the view. When
named is restarted, the file will be loaded into the view
configuration, so that zones that were added can persist after a
restart.
This sample addzone command would add the zone example.com to the
default view:
$rndc addzone example.com '{ type master; file "example.com.db";
};'
(Note the brackets and semi-colon around the zone configuration
text.)
delzone zone [class [view]]
Delete a zone while the server is running. Only zones that were
originally added via rndc addzone can be deleted in this manner.
signing [( -list | -clear keyid/algorithm | -clear all | -nsec3param (
parameters | none ) ) ] zone [class [view]]
List, edit, or remove the DNSSEC signing state for the specified
zone. The status of ongoing DNSSEC operations (such as signing or
generating NSEC3 chains) is stored in the zone in the form of DNS
resource records of type sig-signing-type. rndc signing -list
converts these records into a human-readable form, indicating which
keys are currently signing or have finished signing the zone, and
which NSEC3 chains are being created or removed.
rndc signing -clear can remove a single key (specified in the same
format that rndc signing -list uses to display it), or all keys. In
either case, only completed keys are removed; any record indicating
that a key has not yet finished signing the zone will be retained.
rndc signing -nsec3param sets the NSEC3 parameters for a zone. This
is the only supported mechanism for using NSEC3 with inline-signing
zones. Parameters are specified in the same format as an NSEC3PARAM
resource record: hash algorithm, flags, iterations, and salt, in
that order.
Currently, the only defined value for hash algorithm is 1,
representing SHA-1. The flags may be set to 0 or 1, depending on
whether you wish to set the opt-out bit in the NSEC3 chain.
iterations defines the number of additional times to apply the
algorithm when generating an NSEC3 hash. The salt is a string of
data expressed in hexidecimal, or a hyphen (`-') if no salt is to
be used.
So, for example, to create an NSEC3 chain using the SHA-1 hash
algorithm, no opt-out flag, 10 iterations, and a salt value of
"FFFF", use: rndc signing -nsec3param 1 0 10 FFFF zone. To set the
opt-out flag, 15 iterations, and no salt, use: rndc signing
-nsec3param 1 1 15 - zone.
rndc signing -nsec3param none removes an existing NSEC3 chain and
replaces it with NSEC.
LIMITATIONS
There is currently no way to provide the shared secret for a key_id
without using the configuration file.
Several error messages could be clearer.
SEE ALSO
rndc.conf(5), rndc-confgen(8), named(8), named.conf(5), ndc(8), BIND 9
Administrator Reference Manual.
AUTHOR
Internet Systems Consortium
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2004, 2005, 2007, 2013 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.
("ISC")
Copyright © 2000, 2001 Internet Software Consortium.
BIND9 June 7, 2013 RNDC(8)
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