POE(3) User Contributed Perl Documentation POE(3)NAMEPOE - portable multitasking and networking framework for any event loop
SYNOPSIS
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
use POE; # Auto-includes POE::Kernel and POE::Session.
sub handler_start {
my ($kernel, $heap, $session) = @_[KERNEL, HEAP, SESSION];
print "Session ", $session->ID, " has started.\n";
$heap->{count} = 0;
$kernel->yield('increment');
}
sub handler_increment {
my ($kernel, $heap, $session) = @_[KERNEL, HEAP, SESSION];
print "Session ", $session->ID, " counted to ", ++$heap->{count}, ".\n";
$kernel->yield('increment') if $heap->{count} < 10;
}
sub handler_stop {
print "Session ", $_[SESSION]->ID, " has stopped.\n";
}
for (1..10) {
POE::Session->create(
inline_states => {
_start => \&handler_start,
increment => \&handler_increment,
_stop => \&handler_stop,
}
);
}
POE::Kernel->run();
exit;
DESCRIPTIONPOE is a framework for cooperative, event driven multitasking and
networking in Perl. Other languages have similar frameworks. Python
has Twisted. TCL has "the event loop".
POE provides a unified interface for several other event loops,
including select(), IO::Poll, Glib, Gtk, Tk, Wx, and Gtk2. Many of
these event loop interfaces were written by others, with the help of
POE::Test::Loops. They may be found on the CPAN.
POE achieves its its high degree of portability to different operating
systems and Perl versions by being written entirely in Perl. CPAN
hosts optional XS modules for POE if speed is more desirable than
portability.
POE is designed in layers. Each layer builds atop the lower level
ones. Programs are free to use POE at any level of abstraction, and
different levels can be mixed and matched seamlessly within a single
program. Remember, though, that higher-level abstractions often
require more resources than lower-level ones. The conveniences they
provide are not free.
POE's bundled abstraction layers are the tip of a growing iceberg.
Sprocket, POE::Stage, and other CPAN distributions build upon this
work. You're encouraged to look around.
No matter how high you go, though, it all boils down to calls to
POE::Kernel. So your down-to-earth code can easily cooperate with
stratospheric systems.
Layer 1: Kernel and Sessions
The lowest public layer is comprised of POE::Kernel, POE::Session, and
other session types.
POE::Kernel does most of the heavy lifting. It provides a portable
interface for filehandle activity detection, multiple alarms and other
timers, signal handling, and other less-common features.
POE::Session and derived classes encapsulate the notion of an event
driven task. They also customize event dispatch to a particular
calling convention. POE::NFA, for example, is more of a proper state
machine. The CPAN has several other kinds of sessions.
Everything ultimately builds on these classes or the concepts they
implement. If you're short on time, the things to read besides this
are POE::Kernel and POE::Session.
Layer 2: Wheels, Filters, and Drivers
POE::Wheel objects are dynamic mix-ins for POE::Session instances.
These "wheels" perform very common, generic tasks in a highly reusable
and customizable way. POE::Wheel::ReadWrite, for example, implements
non-blocking buffered I/O. Nearly everybody needs this, so why require
people to reinvent it all the time?
POE::Filter objects customize wheels in a modular way. Filters act as
I/O layers, turning raw streams into structured data, and serializing
structures into something suitable for streams. The CPAN also has
several of these.
Drivers are where the wheels meet the road. In this case, the road is
some type of file handle. Drivers do the actual reading and writing in
a standard way so wheels don't need to know the difference between
send() and syswrite().
POE::Driver objects get relatively short shrift because very few are
needed. The most common driver, POE::Driver::SysRW is ubiquitous and
also the default, so most people will never need to specify one.
Layer 3: Components
POE::Component classes are essentially Perl classes that use POE to
perform tasks in a non-blocking or cooperative way. This is a very
broad definition, and POE components are all over the abstraction map.
Many components, such as POE::Component::Server::SMTP, encapsulate the
generic details of an entire application. Others perform rather narrow
tasks, such as POE::Component::DirWatch::Object.
POE components are often just plain Perl objects. The previously
mentioned POE::Component::DirWatch::Object uses Moose. Other object
and meta-object frameworks are compatible.
Also of interest is POE::Component::Generic, which is allows you to
create a POE component from nearly nearly any blocking module.
There are quite a lot of components on the CPAN.
<http://search.cpan.org/search?query=poe+component&mode=all>
Layer 4 and Beyond: Frameworks and Object Metaphors
It's possible to abstract POE entirely behind a different framework.
In fact we encourage people to write domain-specific abstractions that
entirely hide POE if necessary. The nice thing here is that even at
these high levels of abstraction, things will continue to interoperate
all the way down to layer 1.
Two examples of ultra-high level abstraction are Sprocket, a networking
framework that does its own thing, and POE::Stage, which is POE's
creator's attempt to formalize and standardize POE components.
It is also possible to communicate between POE processes. This is
called IKC, for Inter-Kernel Communication. There are a few IKC
components on the CPAN
(<http://search.cpan.org/search?query=IKC&mode=all>), notably
POE::Component::IKC and POE::TIKC.
Layer 0: POE's Internals
POE's layered architecture continues below the surface. POE's guts are
broken into specific POE::Loop classes for each event loop it supports.
Internals are divided up by type, giving POE::Resource classes for
Aliases, Controls, Events, Extrefs, FileHandles, SIDs, Sessions and
Signals.
POE::Kernel's APIs are extensible through POE::API mix-in classes.
Some brave souls have even published new APIs on CPAN, such as
POE::API::Peek (which gives you access to some of the internal
POE::Resource methods).
By design, it's possible to implement new POE::Kernel guts by creating
another POE::Resource class. One can then expose the functionality
with a new POE::API mix-in.
DOCUMENTATION ROADMAP
You're reading the main POE documentation. It's the general entry
point to the world of POE. You already know this, however, so let's
talk about something more interesting.
Basic Features
POE's basic features are documented mainly in POE::Kernel and
POE::Session. Methods are documented in the classes that implement
them. Broader concepts are covered in the most appropriate class, and
sometimes they are divided among classes that share in their
implementation.
Basic Usage
Basic usage, even for POE.pm, is documented in POE::Kernel. That's
where most of POE's work is done, and POE.pm is little more than a
class loader.
@_[KERNEL, HEAP, etc.]
Event handler calling conventions, that weird @_[KERNEL, HEAP] stuff,
is documented in POE::Session. That's because POE::Session implements
the calling convention, and other session types often do it
differently.
Base Classes Document Common Features
The POE::Wheel, POE::Driver, POE::Filter, and POE::Component base
classes describe what's common among each class. It's a good idea to
at least skim the base class documentation since the subclasses tend
not to rehash the common things.
POE::Queue, POE::Resource, and POE::Loop document the concepts and
sometimes the standard interfaces behind multiple subclasses. You're
encouraged to have a look.
Helper Classes
POE includes some helper classes for portability. POE::Pipe, and its
subclasses POE::Pipe::OneWay and POE::Pipe::TwoWay are portable pipes.
Event Loop Bridges
POE::Loop documents and specifies the interface for all of POE's event
loop bridges. The individual classes may document specific details,
but generally they adhere to the spec strongly enough that they don't
need to.
Many of the existing POE::Loop bridges provided in POE's base
distribution will move out to separate distributions shortly. The
documentation will probably remain the same, however.
POE::Queue and POE::Queue::Array
POE's event queue is basically a priority heap implemented as an
ordered array. POE::Queue documents the standard interface for POE
event queues, and POE::Queue::Array implements the ordered array queue.
Tony Cook has released POE::XS::Queue::Array, which is a drop-in C
replacement for POE::Queue::Array. You might give it a try if you need
more performance. POE's event queue is some of the hottest code in the
system.
This Section Isn't Complete
Help organize the documentation. Obviously we can't think of
everything. We're well aware of this and welcome audience
participation.
See SEE ALSO
Wherever possible, the SEE ALSO section will cross-reference one module
to related ones.
Don't Forget the Web
Finally, there are many POE resources on the web. The CPAN contains a
growing number of POE modules. <http://poe.perl.org/> hosts POE's
wiki, which includes tutorials, an extensive set of examples,
documentation, and more. Plus it's a wiki, so you can trivially pitch
in your two cents.
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
POE's basic requirements are rather light. Most are included with
modern versions of Perl, and the rest (if any) should be generally
portable by now.
Time::HiRes is highly recommended, even for older Perls that don't
include it. POE will work without it, but alarms and other features
will be much more accurate if it's included. POE::Kernel will use
Time::HiRes automatically if it's available.
POE::Filter::Reference needs a module to serialize data for
transporting it across a network. It will use Storable, FreezeThaw,
YAML, or some other package with freeze() and thaw() methods. It can
also use Compress::Zlib to conserve bandwidth and reduce latency over
slow links, but it's not required.
If you want to write web servers, you'll need to install libwww-perl,
which requires libnet. This is a small world of modules that includes
HTTP::Status, HTTP::Request, HTTP::Date, and HTTP::Response. They are
generally good to have, and modern versions of Perl even include them.
Programs that use POE::Wheel::Curses will of course require the Curses
module, which in turn requires some sort of curses library.
If you're using POE with Tk, you'll need Tk installed.
And other obvious things. Let us know if we've overlooked a non-
obvious detail.
COMPATIBILITY ISSUES
One of POE's design goals is to be as portable as possible. That's why
it's written in "Plain Perl". XS versions of POE modules are available
as third-party distributions. Parts of POE that require nonstandard
libraries are optional, and not having those libraries should not
prevent POE from installing.
Despite Chris Williams' efforts, we can't test POE everywhere. Please
see the GETTING HELP section if you run into a problem.
POE is expected to work on most forms of UNIX, including FreeBSD, MacOS
X, Linux, Solaris. Maybe even AIX and QNX, but we're not sure.
POE is also tested on Windows XP, using the latest version of
ActiveState, Strawberry and Cygwin Perl. POE is fully supported with
Strawberry Perl, as it's included in the Strawberry distribution.
OS/2 and MacOS 9 have been reported to work in the past, but nobody
seems to be testing there anymore. Reports and patches are still
welcome.
Past versions of POE have been tested with Perl versions as far back as
5.6.2 and as recent as "blead", today's development build. We can no
longer guarantee each release will work everywhere, but we will be
happy to work with you if you need special support for a really old
system. You can always use older POE releases that works on your
version, please check BackPAN
<http://backpan.perl.org/authors/id/R/RC/RCAPUTO/>.
POE's quality is due in large part to the fine work of Chris Williams
and the other CPAN testers. They have dedicated resources towards
ensuring CPAN distributions pass their own tests, and we watch their
reports religiously. You can, too. The latest POE test reports can be
found at <http://cpantesters.org/distro/P/POE.html>.
Thanks also go out to Benjamin Smith and the 2006 Google Summer of
Code. Ben was awarded a grant to improve POE's test suite, which he
did admirably.
Windows Issues
POE seems to work very nicely with Perl compiled for Cygwin. If you
must use ActiveState Perl, please use the absolute latest version.
ActiveState Perl's compatibility fluctuates from one build to another,
so we tend not to support older releases.
Windows and ActiveState Perl are considered an esoteric platform due to
the complex interactions between various versions. POE therefore
relies on user feedback and support here.
A number of people have helped bring POE's Windows support this far,
through contributions of time, patches, and other resources. Some of
them are: Sean Puckett, Douglas Couch, Andrew Chen, Uhlarik Ondoej,
Nick Williams, and Chris Williams (no relation).
Linux/Unix Issues
pty woes
Some distributions chose to not completely setup the pseudo-tty
support. This is needed for POE::Wheel::Run to interact with the
subprocess. If you see something like this while running "make test"
please look at your distribution's documentation on how to fix it. For
example, on Debian-based systems the solution was to execute "sudo apt-
get install udev".
t/30_loops/io_poll/wheel_run.t ..................... 1/99
pty_allocate(nonfatal): posix_openpt(): No such file or directory at /usr/local/lib/perl/5.10.0/IO/Pty.pm line 24.
...
Cannot open a pty at /home/apoc/poe/blib/lib/POE/Wheel/Run.pm line 251
Compilation failed in require at t/30_loops/io_poll/wheel_run.t line 24.
# Looks like you planned 99 tests but ran 5.
# Looks like your test exited with 22 just after 5.
t/30_loops/io_poll/wheel_run.t ..................... Dubious, test returned 22 (wstat 5632, 0x1600)
Other Compatibility Issues
None currently known. See GETTING HELP below if you've run into
something.
GETTING HELP
POE's developers take pride in its quality. If you encounter a
problem, please let us know.
POE's Request Tracker
You're welcome to e-mail questions and bug reports to
<bug-POE@rt.cpan.org>. This is not a realtime support channel, though.
If you need a more immediate response, try one of the methods below.
POE's Mailing List
POE has a dedicated mailing list where developers and users discuss the
software and its use. You're welcome to join us. Send an e-mail to
<poe-help@perl.org> for subscription instructions. The subject and
message body are ignored.
POE's Web Site
<http://poe.perl.org> contains recent information, tutorials, and
examples. It's also a wiki, so people are invited to share tips and
code snippets there as well.
POE's Source Code
The following command will fetch the most current version of POE into
the "poe" subdirectory:
svn co https://poe.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/poe poe
SourceForge
http://sourceforge.net/projects/poe/ is POE's project page.
Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
irc.perl.org channel #poe is an informal place to waste some time and
maybe even discuss Perl and POE. Consider an SSH relay if your
workplace frowns on IRC. But only if they won't fire you if you're
caught.
Personal Support
Unfortunately we don't have resources to provide free one-on-one
personal support anymore. We'll do it for a fee, though. Send Rocco
an e-mail via his CPAN address.
SEE ALSO
Broken down by abstraction layer.
Layer 1
POE::Kernel, POE::Session, POE::NFA
Layer 2
POE::Wheel, POE::Wheel::Curses, POE::Wheel::FollowTail,
POE::Wheel::ListenAccept, POE::Wheel::ReadLine, POE::Wheel::ReadWrite,
POE::Wheel::Run, POE::Wheel::SocketFactory
POE::Driver, POE::Driver::SysRW
POE::Filter, POE::Filter::Block, POE::Filter::Grep, POE::Filter::HTTPD,
POE::Filter::Line, POE::Filter::Map, POE::Filter::RecordBlock,
POE::Filter::Reference, POE::Filter::Stackable, POE::Filter::Stream
Layer 3
POE::Component, POE::Component::Client::TCP,
POE::Component::Server::TCP
Layer 0
POE::Loop, POE::Loop::Event, POE::Loop::Gtk, POE::Loop::IO_Poll,
POE::Loop::Select, POE::Loop::Tk
POE::Queue, POE::Queue::Array
POE::Resource, POE::Resource::Aliases, POE::Resource::Events,
POE::Resource::Extrefs, POE::Resource::FileHandles,
POE::Resource::SIDs, POE::Resource::Sessions, POE::Resource::Signals
Helpers
POE::Pipe, POE::Pipe::OneWay, POE::Pipe::TwoWay
Home Page
http://poe.perl.org/
Bug Tracker
https://rt.cpan.org/Dist/Display.html?Status=Active&Queue=POE
Repository
https://poe.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/poe/trunk/poe
Other Resources
http://search.cpan.org/dist/POE/
AUTHORS & COPYRIGHTPOE is the combined effort of quite a lot of people. This is an
incomplete list of some early contributors. A more complete list can
be found in POE's change log.
Ann Barcomb
Ann Barcomb is <kudra@domaintje.com>, aka "kudra". Ann contributed
large portions of POE::Simple and the code that became the ReadWrite
support in POE::Component::Server::TCP. Her ideas also inspired
Client::TCP component, introduced in version 0.1702.
Artur Bergman
Artur Bergman is <sky@cpan.org>. He contributed many hours' work
into POE and quite a lot of ideas. Years later, I decide he's right
and actually implement them.
Artur is the author of Filter::HTTPD and Filter::Reference, as well
as bits and pieces throughout POE. His feedback, testing, design and
inspiration have been instrumental in making POE what it is today.
Artur is investing his time heavily into perl 5's iThreads and PONIE
at the moment. This project has far-reaching implications for POE's
future.
Jos Boumans
Jos Boumans is <kane@cpan.org>, aka "kane". Jos is a major driving
force behind the POE::Simple movement and has helped inspire the
POE::Components for TCP clients and servers.
Matt Cashner
Matt Cashner is <sungo@pobox.com>, aka "sungo". Matt is one of POE's
core developers. He's spearheaded the movement to simplify POE for
new users, flattening the learning curve and making the system more
accessible to everyone. He uses the system in mission critical
applications, folding feedback and features back into the
distribution for everyone's enjoyment.
Andrew Chen
Andrew Chen is <achen-poe@micropixel.com>. Andrew is the resident
POE/Windows guru. He contributes much needed testing for Solaris on
the SPARC and Windows on various Intel platforms.
Douglas Couch
Douglas Couch is <dscouch@purdue.edu>. Douglas helped port and
maintain POE for Windows early on.
Jeffrey Goff
Jeffrey Goff is <jgoff@blackboard.com>. Jeffrey is the author of
several POE modules, including a tokenizing filter and a component
for managing user information, PoCo::UserBase. He's also co-author
of "A Beginner's Introduction to POE" at www.perl.com.
Philip Gwyn
Philip Gwyn is <gwynp@artware.qc.ca>. He extended the Wheels I/O
abstraction to support hot-swappable filters, and he eventually
convinced Rocco that unique session and kernel IDs were a good thing.
Philip also enhanced POE::Filter::Reference to support different
serialization methods. He has also improved POE's quality by finding
and fixing several bugs. He provided POE a much needed code review
around version 0.06.
Lately, Philip tracked down the race condition in signal handling and
fixed it with the signal pipe.
Arnar M. Hrafnkelsson
Arnar is <addi@umich.edu>. Addi tested POE and POE::Component::IRC
on Windows, finding bugs and testing fixes. He appears throughout
the Changes file. He has also written "cpoe", which is a POE-like
library for C.
Dave Paris
Dave Paris is <dparis@w3works.com>. Dave tested and benchmarked POE
around version 0.05, discovering some subtle (and not so subtle)
timing problems. The pre-forking server sample was his idea.
Versions 0.06 and later scaled to higher loads because of his work.
He has contributed a lot of testing and feedback, much of which is
tagged in the Changes file as a-mused. The man is scarily good at
testing and troubleshooting.
Dieter Pearcey
Dieter Pearcey is <dieter@bullfrog.perlhacker.org>. He goes by
several Japanese nicknames. Dieter's current area of expertise is in
Wheels and Filters. He greatly improved POE::Wheel::FollowTail, and
his Filter contributions include the basic Block filter, as well as
Stackable, RecordBlock, Grep and Map.
Plixer International
Plixer International is at <http://plixer.com/>. Their sponsorship
has helped POE 1.300 and beyond be significantly more robust using
iThreads, especially when using fork() in Windows.
Robert Seifer
Robert Seifer is <e-mail unknown>. He rotates IRC nicknames
regularly.
Robert contributed entirely too much time, both his own and his
computers, towards the detection and eradication of a memory
corruption bug that POE tickled in earlier Perl versions. In the
end, his work produced a simple compile-time hack that worked around
a problem relating to anonymous subs, scope and @{} processing.
Matt Sergeant
Matt contributed "POE::Kernel::Poll", a more efficient way to watch
multiple files than select(). It's since been moved to
POE::Loop::IO_Poll.
Richard Soderberg
Richard Soderberg is <poe@crystalflame.net>, aka "coral". Richard is
a collaborator on several side projects involving POE. His work
provides valuable testing and feedback from a user's point of view.
Dennis Taylor
Dennis Taylor is <dennis@funkplanet.com>. Dennis has been testing,
debugging and patching bits here and there, such as Filter::Line
which he improved by leaps in 0.1102. He's also the author of
POE::Component::IRC, the widely popular POE-based successor to his
wildly popular Net::IRC library.
David Davis
David Davis, aka Xantus is <xantus@cpan.org>. David contributed
patches to the HTTPD filter, and added CALLER_STATE to POE::Session.
He is the author of Sprocket, a networking framework built on POE.
Others?
Please contact the author if you've been forgotten and would like to
be included here.
Author
Rocco Caputo
Rocco Caputo is <rcaputo@cpan.org>. POE is his brainchild. He
wishes to thank you for your interest, and he has more thanks than he
can count for all the people who have contributed. POE would not be
nearly as cool without you.
Except where otherwise noted, POE is Copyright 1998-2009 Rocco
Caputo. All rights reserved. POE is free software; you may
redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
Thank you for reading!
POD ERRORS
Hey! The above document had some coding errors, which are explained
below:
Around line 688:
A non-empty Z<>
perl v5.14.2 2011-12-15 POE(3)
