GEARMAND(8) Gearmand GEARMAND(8)NAMEgearmand - Gearmand Documentation, http://gearman.info/
SYNOPSIS
General options
-b [ --backlog ] arg (=32)
Number of backlog connections for listen.
--check-args
Check command line and configuration file argments and then
exit.
-d [ --daemon ]
Daemon, detach and run in the background.
-f [ --file-descriptors ] arg
Number of file descriptors to allow for the process (total con‐
nections will be slightly less). Default is max allowed for
user.
-h [ --help ]
Print this help menu.
-j [ --job-retries ] arg (=0)
Number of attempts to run the job before the job server removes
it. This is helpful to ensure a bad job does not crash all
available workers. Default is no limit.
-l [ --log-file ] arg
Log file to write errors and information to. Turning this
option on also forces the first verbose level to be enabled.
-L [ --listen ] arg
Address the server should listen on. Default is INADDR_ANY.
-p [ --port ] arg (=4730)
Port the server should listen on.
-P [ --pid-file ] arg
File to write process ID out to.
-r [ --protocol ] arg
Load protocol module.
-R [ --round-robin ]
Assign work in round-robin order per worker connection. The
default is to assign work in the order of functions added by the
worker.
-q [ --queue-type ] arg
Persistent queue type to use.
-t [ --threads ] arg (=4)
Number of I/O threads to use. Default=4.
-u [ --user ] arg
Switch to given user after startup.
-v [ --verbose ] arg (=v)
Increase verbosity level by one.
-V [ --version ]
Display the version of gearmand and exit.
-w [ --worker-wakeup ] arg (=0)
Number of workers to wakeup for each job received. The default
is to wakeup all available workers.
HTTP:
--http-port arg (=8080)
Port to listen on.
sqlite
--libsqlite3-db arg
Database file to use.
--libsqlite3-table arg (=gearman_queue)
Table to use.
Memcached(libmemcached)--libmemcached-servers arg
List of Memcached servers to use.
Drizzle/MySQL(libdrizzle)-host arg
Host of server.
-port arg
Port of server. (by default Drizzle)
-uds arg
Unix domain socket for server.
-user arg
User name for authentication.
-password arg
Password for authentication.
-db arg
Schema/Database to use.
-table arg
Table to use.
-mysql arg
Use MySQL protocol.
Postgres
--libpq-conninfo arg
PostgreSQL connection information string.
--libpq-table arg (=queue)
Table to use.
tokyocabinet
--libtokyocabinet-file arg
File name of the database. [see: man tcadb, tcadbopen() for name
guidelines]
--libtokyocabinet-optimize
Optimize database on open. [default=true]
DESCRIPTION
Gearman provides a generic application framework to farm out work to
other machines or processes that are better suited to do the work. It
allows you to do work in parallel, to load balance processing, and to
call functions between languages. It can be used in a variety of appli‐
cations, from high-availability web sites to the transport of database
replication events. In other words, it is the nervous system for how
distributed processing communicates. A few strong points about Gearman:
· Open Source - It's free! (in both meanings of the word) Gearman has
an active open source community that is easy to get involved with if
you need help or want to contribute.
· Multi-language - There are interfaces for a number of languages, and
this list is growing. You also have the option to write heterogeneous
applications with clients submitting work in one language and workers
performing that work in another.
· Flexible - You are not tied to any specific design pattern. You can
quickly put together distributed applications using any model you
choose, one of those options being Map/Reduce.
· Fast - Gearman has a simple protocol and interface with a new opti‐
mized server in C to minimize your application overhead.
· Embeddable - Since Gearman is fast and lightweight, it is great for
applications of all sizes. It is also easy to introduce into existing
applications with minimal overhead.
· No single point of failure - Gearman can not only help scale systems,
but can do it in a fault tolerant way.
Thread Model
The -t option to gearmand allows you to specify multiple I/O threads,
this is enabled by default. There are currently three types of threads
in the job server:
Listening and management thread - only one I/O thread - can have many
Processing thread - only one
When no -t option is given or -t 0 is given, all of three thread types
happen within a single thread. When -t 1 is given, there is a thread
for listening/management and a thread for I/O and processing. When -t 2
is given, there is a thread for each type of thread above. For all -t
option values above 2, more I/O threads are created.
The listening and management thread is mainly responsible for accepting
new connections and assigning those connections to an I/O thread (if
there are many). It also coordinates startup and shutdown within the
server. This thread will have an instance of libevent for managing
socket events and signals on an internal pipe. This pipe is used to
wakeup the thread or to coordinate shutdown.
The I/O thread is responsible for doing the read and write system calls
on the sockets and initial packet parsing. Once the packet has been
parsed it it put into an asynchronous queue for the processing thread
(each thread has it's own queue so there is very little contention).
Each I/O thread has it's own instance of libevent for managing socket
events and signals on an internal pipe like the listening thread.
The processing thread should have no system calls within it (except for
the occasional brk() for more memory), and manages the various lists
and hash tables used for tracking unique keys, job handles, functions,
and job queues. All packets that need to be sent back to connections
are put into an asynchronous queue for the I/O thread. The I/O thread
will pick these up and send them back over the connected socket. All
packets flow through the processing thread since it contains the infor‐
mation needed to process the packets. This is due to the complex nature
of the various lists and hash tables. If multiple threads were modify‐
ing them the locking overhead would most likely cause worse performance
than having it in a single thread (and would also complicate the code).
In the future more work may be pushed to the I/O threads, and the pro‐
cessing thread can retain minimal functionality to manage those tables
and lists. So far this has not been a significant bottleneck, a 16 core
Intel machine is able to process upwards of 50k jobs per second.
For thread safety to work when UUID are generated, you must be running
the uuidd daemon.
Persistent Queues
Inside the Gearman job server, all job queues are stored in memory.
This means if a server restarts or crashes with pending jobs, they will
be lost and are never run by a worker. Persistent queues were added to
allow background jobs to be stored in an external durable queue so they
may live between server restarts and crashes. The persistent queue is
only enabled for background jobs because foreground jobs have an
attached client. If a job server goes away, the client can detect this
and restart the foreground job somewhere else (or report an error back
to the original caller). Background jobs on the other hand have no
attached client and are simply expected to be run when submitted.
The persistent queue works by calling a module callback function right
before putting a new job in the internal queue for pending jobs to be
run. This allows the module to store the job about to be run in some
persistent way so that it can later be replayed during a restart. Once
it is stored through the module, the job is put onto the active
runnable queue, waking up available workers if needed. Once the job has
been successfully completed by a worker, another module callback func‐
tion is called to notify the module the job is done and can be removed.
If a job server crashes or is restarted between these two calls for a
job, the jobs are reloaded during the next job server start. When the
job server starts up, it will call a replay callback function in the
module to provide a list of all jobs that were not complete. This is
used to populate the internal memory queue of jobs to be run. Once this
replay is complete, the job server finishes its initialization and the
jobs are now runnable once workers connect (the queue should be in the
same state as when it crashed). These jobs are removed from the persis‐
tent queue when completed as normal. NOTE: Deleting jobs from the per‐
sistent queue storage will not remove them from the in-memory queue
while the server is running.
The queues are implemented using a modular interface so it is easy to
add new data stores for the persistent queue.
A persistent queue module is enabled by passing the -q or –queue-type
option to gearmand. Run gearmand –help to see which queue modules are
supported on your system. If you are missing options for one you would
like to use, you will need to install any dependencies and then recom‐
pile the gearmand package.
Extended Protocols
The protocol plugin interface allows you to take over the packet send
and receive functions, allowing you to pack the buffers as required by
the protocol. The core read and write functions can (and should) be
used by the protocol plugin.
HTTP
This protocol plugin allows you to map HTTP requests to Gearman jobs.
It only provides client job submission currently, but it may be
extended to support other request types in the future. The plugin can
handle both GET and POST data, the latter being used to send a workload
to the job server. The URL being requested is translated into the func‐
tion being called.
For example, the request:
POST /reverse HTTP/1.1
Content-Length: 12
Hello world!
Is translated into a job submission request for the function “reverse”
and workload “Hello world!”. This will respond with:
HTTP/1.0 200 OK
X-Gearman-Job-Handle: H:lap:4
Content-Length: 12
Server: Gearman/0.8
!dlrow olleH
The following headers can be passed to change the behavior of the job:
* X-Gearman-Unique: <unique key>
* X-Gearman-Background: true
* X-Gearman-Priority: <high|low>
For example, to run a low priority background job, the following
request can be sent:
POST /reverse HTTP/1.1
Content-Length: 12
X-Gearman-Background: true
X-Gearman-Priority: low
Hello world!
The response for this request will not have any data associated with it
since it was a background job:
HTTP/1.0 200 OK
X-Gearman-Job-Handle: H:lap:6
Content-Length: 0
Server: Gearman/0.8
The HTTP protocol should be considered experimental.
HOME
To find out more information please check: http://gearman.info/
SEE ALSOgearman(1)gearadmin(1)libgearmand(3)AUTHOR
Data Differential http://www.datadifferential.com/
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1.0.6 May 09, 2013 GEARMAND(8)
