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DOT(1)									DOT(1)

NAME
       dot - filter for drawing directed graphs
       neato - filter for drawing undirected graphs
       twopi - filter for radial layouts of graphs
       circo - filter for circular layout of graphs
       fdp - filter for drawing undirected graphs
       sfdp - filter for drawing large undirected graphs

SYNOPSIS
       dot  [-(G|N|E)name=value]  [-Tlang]  [-llibfile] [-ooutfile] [-Klayout]
       [-O]  [-P]  [-v]	 [-V]  [-Lg]  [-LO]  [-Lniter]	[-LUfuns]   [-LCfover]
       [-LT[*]ftemp] [-c] [-m] [-qlevel] [-sfscale] [-y] [files]
       neato  [-(G|N|E)name=value]  [-Tlang] [-llibfile] [-n[1|2]] [-ooutfile]
       [-Klayout] [-O] [-P] [-v] [-V] [files]
       twopi [-(G|N|E)name=value] [-Tlang] [-llibfile] [-ooutfile]  [-Klayout]
       [-O] [-P] [-v] [-V] [files]
       circo  [-(G|N|E)name=value] [-Tlang] [-llibfile] [-ooutfile] [-Klayout]
       [-O] [-P] [-v] [-V] [files]
       fdp [-(G|N|E)name=value] [-Tlang]  [-llibfile]  [-ooutfile]  [-Klayout]
       [-O] [-P] [-v] [-V] [files]
       sfdp  [-(G|N|E)name=value]  [-Tlang] [-llibfile] [-ooutfile] [-Klayout]
       [-O] [-P] [-v] [-V] [files]

DESCRIPTION
       dot draws directed graphs.  It works well on DAGs and other graphs that
       can  be	drawn  as  hierarchies.	  It  reads attributed graph files and
       writes drawings.	 By default, the output format dot is the  input  file
       with layout coordinates appended.

       neato  draws  undirected graphs using ``spring'' models (see Kamada and
       Kawai, Information Processing Letters 31:1, April 1989).	  Input	 files
       must  be	 formatted  in the dot attributed graph language.  By default,
       the output  of  neato  is  the  input  graph  with  layout  coordinates
       appended.

       twopi  draws  graphs  using a radial layout (see G. Wills, Symposium on
       Graph Drawing GD'97, September, 1997).  Basically, one node  is	chosen
       as the center and put at the origin.  The remaining nodes are placed on
       a sequence of concentric circles centered  about	 the  origin,  each  a
       fixed  radial  distance from the previous circle.  All nodes distance 1
       from the center are placed on the first circle; all  nodes  distance  1
       from a node on the first circle are placed on the second circle; and so
       forth.

       circo draws graphs using a circular layout (see Six and Tollis, GD  '99
       and  ALENEX  '99, and Kaufmann and Wiese, GD '02.)  The tool identifies
       biconnected components and draws the nodes of the component on  a  cir‐
       cle.  The block‐cutpoint tree is then laid out using a recursive radial
       algorithm. Edge crossings within a circle are minimized by  placing  as
       many  edges  on	the circle's perimeter as possible.  In particular, if
       the component is outerplanar, the component will have a planar layout.

       If a node belongs to multiple non‐trivial biconnected  components,  the
       layout puts the node in one of them. By default, this is the first non‐
       trivial component found in the search from the root component.

       fdp draws undirected graphs using a ``spring'' model. It	 relies	 on  a
       force‐directed  approach in the spirit of Fruchterman and Reingold (cf.
       Software‐Practice & Experience 21(11), 1991, pp. 1129‐1164).

       sfdp also draws undirected graphs using the ``spring'' model  described
       above,  but  it uses a multi-scale approach to produce layouts of large
       graphs in a reasonably short time.

OUTPUT FORMATS
       Dot uses an extensible plugin mechanism for its output renderers, so to
       see  what  output formats your installation of dot supports you can use
       ``dot -Txxx'' (where xxx is an unlikely format) and check  the  warning
       message.	  Also, The plugin mechanism supports multiple implementations
       of the output formats.  To see what variants are	 available,  use,  for
       example:	 ``dot	-Tpng:''  and  to force a particular variant, use, for
       example: ``dot -Tpng:gd''

       Traditionally, dot supports the	following:  -Tps  (PostScript),	 -Tsvg
       -Tsvgz  (Structured  Vector  Graphics),	-Tfig  (XFIG  graphics), -Tmif
       (FrameMaker graphics), -Thpgl (HP pen plotters),	 and  -Tpcl  (Laserjet
       printers),  -Tpng -Tgif (bitmap graphics), -Tdia (GTK+ based diagrams),
       -Timap (imagemap files for httpd servers for each node or edge that has
       a non‐null "href" attribute.), -Tcmapx (client‐side imagemap for use in
       html and xhtml).	 Additional less common or more special‐purpose output
       formats	 can  be  found	 at  http://www.graphviz.org/cvs/doc/info/out‐
       put.html.)

       Alternative plugins providing support for a given output format can  be
       found from the error message resulting from appending a ':' to the for‐
       mat. e.g. -Tpng: The first plugin listed is always the default.

       The -P switch can be used to produce a graph  of	 all  output  variants
       supported by plugins in the local installation of graphviz.

GRAPH FILE LANGUAGE
       Here  is	 a  synopsis  of  the  graph file language, normally using the
       extension .gv, for graphs:

       [strict] (graph|digraph) name { statement‐list }
       Is the top level graph. If the graph is strict then multiple edges  are
       not  allowed  between  the  same	 pairs	of nodes.  If it is a directed
       graph, indicated by digraph, then the edgeop must be "->". If it is  an
       undirected graph then the edgeop must be "--".  Statements may be:

       name=val;
       node [name=val];
       edge [name=val];
       Set  default graph, node, or edge attribute name to val.	 Any subgraph,
       node, or edge appearing after this inherits the new default attributes.

       n0 [name0=val0,name1=val1,...]; Creates node n0 (if it does not already
       exist) and sets its attributes according to the optional list.

       n0 edgeop n1 edgeop ... edgeop nn [name0=val0,name1=val1,...];
       Creates	edges  between nodes n0, n1, ..., nn and sets their attributes
       according to the optional list.	Creates nodes as necessary.

       [subgraph name] { statement‐list }
       Creates a subgraph.  Subgraphs may be used in place of n0, ...,	nn  in
       the  above statements to create edges.  [subgraph name] is optional; if
       missing, the subgraph is assigned an internal name.

       Comments may be /*C‐like*/ or //C++‐like.

       Attribute names and values are ordinary (C‐style) strings.  The follow‐
       ing sections describe attributes that control graph layout.

GRAPH ATTRIBUTES
       size="x,y" sets bounding box of drawing in inches.

       page="x,y" sets the PostScript pagination unit.

       ratio=f	sets  the aspect ratio to f which may be a floating point num‐
       ber, or one of the keywords fill, compress, or auto.

       layout=engine indicates the preferred layout  engine  ("dot",  "neato",
       fdp"  etc)  overriding  the default from the basename of the command or
       the -K commandline option.

       margin=f sets the page margin (included in the page size).

       nodesep=f sets the minimum separation between nodes.

       ranksep=f sets the minimum separation between ranks.

       ordering=out constrains order of out‐edges in a subgraph	 according  to
       their file sequence.

       rankdir=LR|RL|BT requests a left‐to‐right, right‐to‐left, or bottom‐to‐
       top, drawing.

       pagedir=[TBLR][TBLR] sets the major and minor order of pagination.

       rank=same (or min or max) in a subgraph constrains the rank  assignment
       of  its nodes.	If a subgraph's name has the prefix cluster, its nodes
       are drawn in a distinct rectangle  of  the  layout.   Clusters  may  be
       nested.

       rotate=90  sets landscape mode.	(orientation=land is backward compati‐
       ble but obsolete.)

       center=n a non‐zero value centers the drawing on the page.

       nslimit=f or mclimit=f adjusts the bound on the number of network  sim‐
       plex   or  mincross  iterations	by  the	 given	ratio.	 For  example,
       mclimit=2.0 runs twice as long.

       layers="id:id:id:id" is a sequence of  layer  identifiers  for  overlay
       diagrams.  The PostScript array variable layercolorseq sets the assign‐
       ment of colors to layers. The least index is 1 and each element must be
       a 3‐element array to be interpreted as a color coordinate.

       color=colorvalue sets foreground color (bgcolor for background).

       href="url"  the	default	 url for image map files; in PostScript files,
       the base URL for all relative URLs, as recognized by Acrobat  Distiller
       3.0 and up.

       URL="url" ("URL" is a synonym for "href".)

       stylesheet="file.css" includes a reference to a stylesheet in -Tsvg and
       -Tsvgz outputs.	Ignored by other formats.

       splines. If set to true, edges are drawn as splines.  If set  to	 poly‐
       line,  edges  are drawn as polylines.  If set to ortho, edges are drawn
       as orthogonal polylines.	 In all of these  cases,  the  nodes  may  not
       overlap.	  If  splines=false  or	 splines=line, edges are drawn as line
       segments.  The default is true for dot, and false for  all  other  lay‐
       outs.

       (neato‐specific attributes)
       start=val.  Requests random initial placement and seeds the random num‐
       ber generator.  If val is not an integer, the  process  ID  or  current
       time is used as the seed.

       epsilon=n.  Sets the cutoff for the solver.  The default is 0.1.

       (twopi‐specific attributes)
       root=ctr.  This specifies the node to be used as the center of the lay‐
       out. If not specified, twopi will randomly pick one of the  nodes  that
       are furthest from a leaf node, where a leaf node is a node of degree 1.
       If no leaf nodes exists, an arbitrary node is picked as center.

       ranksep=val. Specifies  the  radial  distance  in  inches  between  the
       sequence of rings. The default is 0.75.

       overlap=mode. This specifies what twopi should do if any nodes overlap.
       If mode is "false", the program uses Voronoi  diagrams  to  adjust  the
       nodes  to  eliminate  overlaps.	If mode is "scale", the layout is uni‐
       formly scaled up, preserving node sizes, until nodes no longer overlap.
       The  latter  technique  removes	overlaps while preserving symmetry and
       structure,  while  the  former  removes	overlaps  more	compactly  but
       destroys symmetries.  If mode is "true" (the default), no repositioning
       is done.

       (circo‐specific attributes)
       root=nodename. Specifies the name of  a	node  occurring	 in  the  root
       block.  If  the	graph  is disconnected, the root node attribute can be
       used to specify additional root blocks.

       mindist=value. Sets the minimum separation between all  nodes.  If  not
       specified then circo uses a default value of 1.0.

       (fdp‐specific attributes)
       K=val. Sets the default ideal node separation in the layout.

       maxiter=val.  Sets  the maximum number of iterations used to layout the
       graph.

       start=val. Adjusts the random initial placement of nodes with no speci‐
       fied position.  If val is is an integer, it is used as the seed for the
       random number generator.	 If val is not an integer,  a  random  system‐
       generated  integer,  such as the process ID or current time, is used as
       the seed.

NODE ATTRIBUTES
       height=d or width=d  sets  minimum  height  or  width.	Adding	fixed‐
       size=true forces these to be the actual size (text labels are ignored).

       shape=record polygon epsf builtin_polygon
       builtin_polygon	is  one of: plaintext ellipse oval circle egg triangle
       box diamond trapezium parallelogram  house  hexagon  octagon  note  tab
       box3d  component.   (Polygons  are defined or modified by the following
       node attributes: regular, peripheries, sides,  orientation,  distortion
       and  skew.)   epsf uses the node's shapefile attribute as the path name
       of an external EPSF file to be automatically loaded for the node shape.

       label=text where text may include escaped newlines \n, \l,  or  \r  for
       center, left, and right justified lines.	 The string '\N' value will be
       replaced by the node name.  The string '\G' value will be  replaced  by
       the  graph  name.  Record labels may contain recursive box lists delim‐
       ited by { | }.  Port identifiers in labels are set off by angle	brack‐
       ets < >.	 In the graph file, use colon (such as, node0:port28).

       fontsize=n sets the label type size to n points.

       fontname=name sets the label font family name.

       color=colorvalue	 sets the outline color, and the default fill color if
       style=filled and fillcolor is not specified.

       fillcolor=colorvalue sets the fill color	 when  style=filled.   If  not
       specified,  the	fillcolor when style=filled defaults to be the same as
       the outline color.

       fontcolor=colorvalue sets the label text color.

       A colorvalue may be  "h,s,v"  (hue,  saturation,	 brightness)  floating
       point numbers between 0 and 1, or an X11 color name such as white black
       red green blue yellow magenta cyan or burlywood, or a  "#rrggbb"	 (red,
       green, blue, 2 hex characters each) value.

       style=filled solid dashed dotted bold invis or any Postscript code.

       layer=id	 or  id:id  or "all" sets the node's active layers.  The empty
       string means no layers (invisible).

       The following attributes apply only to polygon shape nodes:

       regular=n if n is non‐zero then the polygon is made regular, i.e.  sym‐
       metric  about  the  x  and  y  axis, otherwise the polygon takes on the
       aspect ratio of the label.  builtin_polygons that are not already regu‐
       lar  are	 made  regular	by  this attribute.  builtin_polygons that are
       already regular are not affected (i.e.  they cannot  be	made  asymmet‐
       ric).

       peripheries=n sets the number of periphery lines drawn around the poly‐
       gon.   This  value  supersedes  the  number  of	periphery   lines   of
       builtin_polygons.

       sides=n	sets  the  number  of  sides to the polygon. n<3 results in an
       ellipse.	 This attribute is ignored by builtin_polygons.

       orientation=f sets the orientation of the first	apex  of  the  polygon
       counterclockwise	 from  the  vertical, in degrees.  f may be a floating
       point number.  The orientation  of  labels  is  not  affected  by  this
       attribute.   This  attribute  is	 added	to  the initial orientation of
       builtin_polygons.

       distortion=f sets the amount of broadening of the top and narrowing  of
       the  bottom  of	the  polygon  (relative to its orientation).  Floating
       point values between -1	and  +1	 are  suggested.   This	 attribute  is
       ignored by builtin_polygons.

       skew=f  sets  the amount of right‐displacement of the top and left‐dis‐
       placement of the bottom of the polygon (relative to  its	 orientation).
       Floating	 point values between -1 and +1 are suggested.	This attribute
       is ignored by builtin_polygons.

       href="url" sets the url for the node in imagemap,  PostScript  and  SVG
       files.  The substrings '\N' and '\G' are substituted in the same manner
       as for the node label attribute.	 Additionally the  substring  '\L'  is
       substituted with the node label string.

       URL="url" ("URL" is a synonym for "href".)

       target="target"	is  a target string for client‐side imagemaps and SVG,
       effective when nodes have a URL.	 The target string is used  to	deter‐
       mine  which  window  of the browser is used for the URL.	 Setting it to
       "_graphviz" will open a new window if it doesn't already exist, or  re‐
       use it if it does.  If the target string is empty, the default, then no
       target attribute is included in the output.  The	 substrings  '\N'  and
       '\G'  are  substituted  in  the	same  manner  as  for  the  node label
       attribute.  Additionally the substring '\L'  is	substituted  with  the
       node label string.

       tooltip="tooltip"  is  a	 tooltip  string for client‐side imagemaps and
       SVG, effective when nodes have a URL.  The tooltip string  defaults  to
       be the same as the label string, but this attribute permits nodes with‐
       out labels to still have tooltips thus permitting denser	 graphs.   The
       substrings  '\N' and '\G' are substituted in the same manner as for the
       node label attribute.  Additionally the substring '\L'  is  substituted
       with the node label string.

       (circo‐specific attributes)
       root=true/false.	 This  specifies  that	the block containing the given
       node be treated as the root of the spanning tree in the layout.

       (fdp‐specific attributes)
       pin=val. If val is "true", the node will remain at  its	initial	 posi‐
       tion.

EDGE ATTRIBUTES
       minlen=n	 where	n is an integer factor that applies to the edge length
       (ranks for normal edges, or minimum node separation for flat edges).

       weight=n where n is the integer cost of the edge.  Values greater  than
       1 tend to shorten the edge.  Weight 0 flat edges are ignored for order‐
       ing nodes.

       label=text where text may include escaped newlines \n, \l,  or  \r  for
       centered,  left,	 or  right  justified lines.  If the substring '\T' is
       found in a label it will be replaced by the  tail_node  name.   If  the
       substring '\H' is found in a label it will be replaced by the head_node
       name.  If the substring '\E' value is found  in	a  label  it  will  be
       replaced	 by:  tail_node_name->head_node_name  If the substring '\G' is
       found in a label it will	 be  replaced  by  the	graph  name.   or  by:
       tail_node_name--head_node_name for undirected graphs.

       fontsize=n sets the label type size to n points.

       fontname=name sets the label font family name.

       fontcolor=colorvalue sets the label text color.

       style=solid dashed dotted bold invis

       color=colorvalue sets the line color for edges.

       color=colorvaluelist  a ':' separated list of colorvalue creates paral‐
       lel edges, one edge for each color.

       dir=forward back both none controls arrow direction.

       tailclip,headclip=false disables endpoint shape clipping.

       href="url" sets the url for the node in imagemap,  PostScript  and  SVG
       files.  The substrings '\T', '\H', '\E' and '\G' are substituted in the
       same manner as for the edge label  attribute.   Additionally  the  sub‐
       string '\L' is substituted with the edge label string.

       URL="url" ("URL" is a synonym for "href".)

       target="target"	is  a target string for client‐side imagemaps and SVG,
       effective when edges have a URL.	 If the target string  is  empty,  the
       default,	 then no target attribute is included in the output.  The sub‐
       strings '\T', '\H', '\E' and '\G' are substituted in the same manner as
       for  the edge label attribute.  Additionally the substring '\L' is sub‐
       stituted with the edge label string.

       tooltip="tooltip" is a tooltip string for client‐side imagemaps	effec‐
       tive when edges have a URL.  The tooltip string defaults to be the same
       as the edge label string.  The substrings '\T', '\H', '\E' and '\G' are
       substituted  in the same manner as for the edge label attribute.	 Addi‐
       tionally the substring '\L' is substituted with the edge label string.

       arrowhead,arrowtail=none, normal, inv, dot, odot, invdot, invodot, tee,
       empty, invempty, open, halfopen, diamond, odiamond, box, obox, crow.

       arrowsize				 (norm_length=10,norm_width=5,
       inv_length=6,inv_width=7,dot_radius=2)

       headlabel,taillabel=string for port labels.   labelfontcolor,labelfont‐
       name,labelfontsize  for	head  and  tail	 labels.  The substrings '\T',
       '\H', '\E' and '\G' are substituted in the same manner as for the  edge
       label  attribute.   Additionally the substring '\L' is substituted with
       the edge label string.

       headhref="url" sets the url for the head port in	 imagemap,  PostScript
       and  SVG	 files.	  The substrings '\T', '\H', '\E' and '\G' are substi‐
       tuted in the same manner as for the edge label attribute.  Additionally
       the substring '\L' is substituted with the edge label string.

       headURL="url" ("headURL" is a synonym for "headhref".)

       headtarget="headtarget"	is  a  target string for client‐side imagemaps
       and SVG, effective when edge heads have a URL.  The  headtarget	string
       is  used	 to determine which window of the browser is used for the URL.
       If the  headtarget  string  is  empty,  the  default,  then  headtarget
       defaults	 to  the  same	value  as target for the edge.	The substrings
       '\T', '\H', '\E' and '\G' are substituted in the same manner as for the
       edge  label  attribute.	Additionally the substring '\L' is substituted
       with the edge label string.

       headtooltip="tooltip" is a tooltip  string  for	client‐side  imagemaps
       effective  when	head ports have a URL.	The tooltip string defaults to
       be the same as the headlabel string.  The substrings  '\T',  '\H',  and
       '\E'  are  substituted  in  the	same  manner  as  for  the  edge label
       attribute.  Additionally the substring '\L'  is	substituted  with  the
       edge label string.

       tailhref="url"  sets  the url for the tail port in imagemap, PostScript
       and SVG files.  The substrings '\T', '\H', '\E' and  '\G'  are  substi‐
       tuted in the same manner as for the edge label attribute.  Additionally
       the substring '\L' is substituted with the edge label string.

       tailURL="url" ("tailURL" is a synonym for "tailhref".)

       tailtarget="tailtarget" is a target string  for	client‐side  imagemaps
       and  SVG,  effective when edge tails have a URL.	 The tailtarget string
       is used to determine which window of the browser is used for  the  URL.
       If  the	tailtarget  string  is	empty,	the  default,  then tailtarget
       defaults to the same value as target  for  the  edge.   The  substrings
       '\T', '\H', '\E' and '\G' are substituted in the same manner as for the
       edge label attribute.  Additionally the substring '\L'  is  substituted
       with the edge label string.

       tailtooltip="tooltip"  is  a  tooltip  string for client‐side imagemaps
       effective when tail ports have a URL.  The tooltip string  defaults  to
       be  the	same as the taillabel string.  The substrings '\T', '\H', '\E'
       and '\G' are substituted in the same  manner  as	 for  the  edge	 label
       attribute.   Additionally  the  substring  '\L' is substituted with the
       edge label string.

       labeldistance and port_label_distance set distance; also labelangle (in
       degrees CCW)

       decorate draws line from edge to label.

       samehead,sametail  aim  edges  having  the same value to the same port,
       using the average landing point.

       constraint=false causes an edge to be ignored for rank assignment.

       layer=id or id:id or "all" sets the edge's active  layers.   The	 empty
       string means no layers (invisible).

       (neato‐specific attributes)
       w=f  sets the weight (spring constant) of an edge to the given floating
       point value.  The default is 1.0; greater values	 make  the  edge  tend
       more toward its optimal length.

       len=f sets the optimal length of an edge.  The default is 1.0.

       (fdp‐specific attributes)
       weight=f	 sets the weight of an edge to the given floating point value.
       The default is 1.0; greater values make the edge tend more  toward  its
       optimal length.

COMMAND LINE OPTIONS
       -G sets a default graph attribute.
       -N sets a default node attribute.
       -E  sets	 a  default edge attribute.  Example: -Gsize="7,8" -Nshape=box
       -Efontsize=8

       -lfile loads custom PostScript library  files.	Usually	 these	define
       custom  shapes  or  styles.   If	 -l  is	 given by itself, the standard
       library is omitted.

       -Tlang sets the output language as described above.

       -n[1|2] (no‐op) If set, neato assumes nodes  have  already  been	 posi‐
       tioned  and  all	 nodes	have a pos attribute giving the positions.  It
       then performs an	 optional  adjustment  to  remove  node‐node  overlap,
       depending on the value of the overlap attribute, computes the edge lay‐
       outs, depending on the value of the splines attribute,  and  emits  the
       graph  in  the  appropriate  format.  If num is supplied, the following
       actions occur:
	   num = 1
       Equivalent to -n.
	   num > 1
       Use node positions as specified, with no adjustment to remove node‐node
       overlaps,  and  use  any	 edge  layouts	already	 specified  by the pos
       attribute.  neato computes an edge layout for any edge  that  does  not
       have  a	pos attribute.	As usual, edge layout is guided by the splines
       attribute.

       -Klayout override the default layout  engine  implied  by  the  command
       name.

       -O  automatically generate output filenames based on the input filename
       and the -T format.

       -P generate a graph of the currently available plugins.

       -v (verbose) prints various information useful for debugging.

       -Lg do not use grid.

       -LO use old attractive force.

       -Lniter set number of iterations to iter.

       -LUfuns set unscaled factor to funs.

       -LCfover set overlap expansion factor to fover.

       -LT[*]ftemp set temperature factor to ftemp.

       -c configure plugins (write $prefix/lib/graphviz/config).

       -m memory test (observe no growth with top, kill when done).

       -qlevel set level of message suppression, the default is 1.

       -sfscale scale input by fscale, the default is 72.

       -y invert y coordinate in output.

       -V (version) prints version information and exits.

       -? prints the usage and exits.

EXAMPLES
       digraph test123 {
	       a -> b -> c;
	       a -> {x y};
	       b [shape=box];
	       c [label="hello\nworld",color=blue,fontsize=24,
		    fontname="Palatino-Italic",fontcolor=red,style=filled];
	       a -> z [label="hi", weight=100];
	       x -> z [label="multi-line\nlabel"];
	       edge [style=dashed,color=red];
	       b -> x;
	       {rank=same; b x}
       }

       graph test123 {
	       a -- b -- c;
	       a -- {x y};
	       x -- c [w=10.0];
	       x -- y [w=5.0,len=3];
       }

CAVEATS
       Edge splines can overlap unintentionally.

       Flat edge labels are slightly broken.   Intercluster  edge  labels  are
       totally broken.

       Because unconstrained optimization is employed, node boxes can possibly
       overlap or touch unrelated edges.  All existing spring  embedders  seem
       to have this limitation.

       Apparently  reasonable attempts to pin nodes or adjust edge lengths and
       weights can cause instability.

AUTHORS
       Stephen C. North <north@research.att.com>
       Emden R. Gansner <erg@research.att.com>
       John C. Ellson <ellson@research.att.com>

       The  bitmap   driver   (PNG,   GIF   etc)   is	by   Thomas   Boutell,
       <http://www.boutell.com/gd>

       The  Truetype font renderer is from the Freetype Project (David Turner,
       Robert  Wilhelm,	 and  Werner  Lemberg)	(who  can  be	contacted   at
       freetype-devel@lists.lrz-muenchen.de).

SEE ALSO
       This  man  page contains only a small amount of the information related
       to the Graphviz layout programs. The most complete information  can  be
       found  at  http://www.graphviz.org/Documentation.php, especially in the
       on‐line reference pages. Most of these documents are also available  in
       the doc and doc/info subtrees in the source and binary distributions.

       dotty(1)
       tcldot(n)
       xcolors(1)
       libgraph(3)

       E.  R.  Gansner,	 S.  C.	 North,	  K.  P.  Vo, "DAG ‐ A Program to Draw
       Directed Graphs", Software ‐ Practice and Experience 17(1),  1988,  pp.
       1047‐1062.
       E.  R. Gansner, E. Koutsofios, S. C. North,  K. P. Vo, "A Technique for
       Drawing Directed Graphs," IEEE Trans. on Soft. Eng.  19(3),  1993,  pp.
       214‐230.
       S.  North  and  E.  Koutsofios,	"Applications of graph visualization",
       Graphics Interface 94, pp. 234‐245.
       E. Koutsofios and S. C. North, "Drawing Graphs with dot," Available  on
       research.att.com in dist/drawdag/dotguide.ps.Z.
       S.  C.  North, "NEATO User's Manual".  Available on research.att.com in
       dist/drawdag/neatodoc.ps.Z.

				23 August 2004				DOT(1)
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