RACOON.CONF(5) BSD File Formats Manual RACOON.CONF(5)NAMEracoon.conf — configuration file for racoon
DESCRIPTIONracoon.conf is the configuration file for the racoon(8) ISAKMP daemon.
racoon(8) negotiates security associations for itself (ISAKMP SA, or
phase 1 SA) and for kernel IPsec (IPsec SA, or phase 2 SA). The file
consists of a sequence of directives and statements. Each directive is
composed by a tag and statements, enclosed by ‘{’ and ‘}’. Lines begin‐
ning with ‘#’ are comments.
Meta Syntax
Keywords and special characters that the parser expects exactly are dis‐
played using this font. Parameters are specified with this font. Square
brackets (‘[’ and ‘]’) are used to show optional keywords and parameters.
Note that you have to pay attention when this manual is describing port
numbers. The port number is always enclosed by ‘[’ and ‘]’. In this
case, the port number is not an optional keyword. If it is possible to
omit the port number, the expression becomes [[port]]. The vertical bar
(‘|’) is used to indicate a choice between optional parameters. Paren‐
theses (‘(’ and ‘)’) are used to group keywords and parameters when nec‐
essary. Major parameters are listed below.
number means a hexadecimal or a decimal number. The former must be
prefixed with ‘0x’.
string
path
file means any string enclosed in ‘"’ (double quotes).
address means IPv6 and/or IPv4 address.
port means a TCP/UDP port number. The port number is always
enclosed by ‘[’ and ‘]’.
timeunit is one of following: sec, secs, second, seconds, min, mins,
minute, minutes, hour, hours.
Path Specification
This section specifies various paths used by racoon. When running in
privilege separation mode, certificate and script paths are mandatory. A
racoon(8) restart is required if you want path changes to be taken into
account.
path include path;
Specifies a path to include a file. See File Inclusion.
path pre_shared_key file;
Specifies a file containing pre-shared key(s) for various ID(s).
See Pre-shared key File.
path pidfile file;
Specifies file where to store PID of process. If path starts
with / it is treated as an absolute path. Otherwise, it is
treated as a relative path to the VARRUN directory specified at
compilation time. Default is racoon.pid.
path logfile file;
Specifies a file to which logs generated by racoon(8) are stored.
When the file's size exceeds 200KB, racoon(8) will trim the log‐
file by dropping the oldest events. If path starts with / it is
treated as an absolute path. Otherwise, it is treated as a rela‐
tive path to the VARRUN directory specified at compilation time.
File Inclusion
include file
Specifies other configuration files to be included.
Identifier Specification
is obsolete. It must be defined at each remote directive.
Timer Specification
timer { statements }
This section specifies various timer values used by racoon.
counter number;
The maximum number of retries to send. The default is 5.
interval number timeunit;
The interval to resend, in seconds. The default time is
10 seconds.
persend number;
The number of packets per send. The default is 1.
phase1 number timeunit;
The maximum time it should take to complete phase 1. The
default time is 15 seconds.
phase2 number timeunit;
The maximum time it should take to complete phase 2. The
default time is 10 seconds.
natt_keepalive number timeunit;
The interval between sending NAT-Traversal keep-alive
packets. The default time is 20 seconds. Set to 0s to
disable keep-alive packets.
Listening Port Specification
listen { statements }
If no listen directive is specified, racoon(8) will listen on all
available interface addresses. The following is the list of
valid statements:
isakmp address [[port]];
If this is specified, racoon(8) will only listen on the
defined address. The default port is 500, which is spec‐
ified by IANA. You can provide more than one address
definition.
isakmp_natt address [port];
Same as isakmp but also sets the socket options to accept
UDP-encapsulated ESP traffic for NAT-Traversal. If you
plan to use NAT-T, you should provide at least one
address with port 4500, which is specified by IANA.
There is no default.
strict_address;
Requires that all addresses for ISAKMP be bound. This
statement will be ignored if you do not specify address
definitions.
Remote Nodes Specifications
remote (address | anonymous) [[port]] [inherit parent] { statements }
Specifies the IKE phase 1 parameters for each remote node. The
default port is 500. If anonymous is specified, the statements
will apply to any peer that does not match a more specific remote
directive.
Sections with inherit parent statements (where parent is either
address or a keyword anonymous) that have all values predefined
to those of a given parent. In these sections it is enough to
redefine only the changed parameters.
The following are valid statements.
exchange_mode (main | aggressive | base);
Defines the exchange mode for phase 1 when racoon is the
initiator. It also means the acceptable exchange mode
when racoon is the responder. More than one mode can be
specified by separating them with a comma. All of the
modes are acceptable. The first exchange mode is what
racoon uses when it is the initiator.
doi ipsec_doi;
Means to use IPsec DOI as specified in RFC 2407. You can
omit this statement.
situation identity_only;
Means to use SIT_IDENTITY_ONLY as specified in RFC 2407.
You can omit this statement.
identifier idtype;
This statment is obsolete. Instead, use my_identifier.
my_identifier [qualifier] idtype ...;
Specifies the identifier sent to the remote host and the
type to use in the phase 1 negotiation. address, fqdn,
user_fqdn, keyid, and asn1dn can be used as an idtype.
The qualifier is currently only used for keyid, and can
be either file or tag. The possible values are :
my_identifier address [address];
The type is the IP address. This is the default
type if you do not specify an identifier to use.
my_identifier user_fqdn string;
The type is a USER_FQDN (user fully-qualified
domain name).
my_identifier fqdn string;
The type is a FQDN (fully-qualified domain name).
my_identifier keyid [file] file;
The type is a KEY_ID, read from the file.
my_identifier keyid tag string;
The type is a KEY_ID, specified in the quoted
string.
my_identifier asn1dn [string];
The type is an ASN.1 distinguished name. If
string is omitted, racoon(8) will get the DN from
the Subject field in the certificate.
xauth_login [string];
Specifies the login to use in client-side Hybrid authen‐
tication. It is available only if racoon(8) has been
built with this option. The associated password is
looked up in the pre-shared key files, using the login
string as the key id.
peers_identifier idtype ...;
Specifies the peer's identifier to be received. If it is
not defined then racoon(8) will not verify the peer's
identifier in ID payload transmitted from the peer. If
it is defined, the behavior of the verification depends
on the flag of verify_identifier. The usage of idtype is
the same as my_identifier except that the individual com‐
ponent values of an asn1dn identifier may specified as *
to match any value (e.g. "C=XX, O=MyOrg, OU=*, CN=Mine").
Alternative acceptable peer identifiers may be specified
by repeating the peers_identifier statement.
verify_identifier (on | off);
If you want to verify the peer's identifier, set this to
on. In this case, if the value defined by
peers_identifier is not the same as the peer's identifier
in the ID payload, the negotiation will fail. The
default is off.
certificate_type certspec;
Specifies a certificate specification. certspec must be
as follows:
x509 in_keychain keychain_identifier;
in_keychain means the certificate is in the sys‐
tem keychain. keychain_identifier is the key‐
chain ID for the certificate in base64 format.
certificate_verification verification_spec;
Specifies how the certificate is verified. This is
required. verification_spec must be as follows:
sec_framework use_peers_identifier;
sec_framework means the certificate is verified
by the security framework. use_peers_identifier
means the certificate must contain the peers ID.
mode_cfg (on | off);
Gather network information through ISAKMP mode configura‐
tion. Default is off.
weak_phase1_check (on | off);
Tells racoon to act on unencrypted deletion messages dur‐
ing phase 1. This is a small security risk, so the
default is off, meaning that racoon will keep on trying
to establish a connection even if the user credentials
are wrong, for instance.
send_cert (on | off);
If you do not want to send a certificate, set this to
off. The default is on.
send_cr (on | off);
If you do not want to send a certificate request, set
this to off. The default is on.
verify_cert (on | off);
By default, the identifier sent by the remote host (as
specified in its my_identifier statement) is compared
with the credentials in the certificate used to authenti‐
cate the remote host as follows:
Type asn1dn:
The entire certificate subject name is compared
with the identifier, e.g. "C=XX, O=YY, ...".
Type address, fqdn, or user_fqdn:
The certificate's subjectAltName is compared with
the identifier.
If the two do not match the negotiation will fail. If
you do not want to verify the identifier using the peer's
certificate, set this to off.
lifetime time number timeunit;
Define a lifetime of a certain time which will be pro‐
posed in the phase 1 negotiations. Any proposal will be
accepted, and the attribute(s) will not be proposed to
the peer if you do not specify it (them). They can be
individually specified in each proposal.
ike_frag (on | off | force);
Enable receiver-side IKE fragmentation if racoon(8) has
been built with this feature. If set to on, racoon will
advertise itself as being capable of receiving packets
split by IKE fragmentation. This extension is there to
work around broken firewalls that do not work with frag‐
mented UDP packets. IKE fragmentation is always enabled
on the sender-side, and it is used if the peer advertises
itself as IKE fragmentation capable. By selecting force,
IKE Fragmentation will be used when racoon is acting as
the initiator even before the remote peer has advertised
itself as IKE fragmentation capable.
esp_frag fraglen;
This option is only relevant if you use NAT traversal in
tunnel mode. Its purpose is to work around broken DSL
routers that reject UDP fragments, by fragmenting the IP
packets before ESP encapsulation. The result is ESP over
UDP of fragmented packets instead of fragmented ESP over
UDP packets (i.e., IP:UDP:ESP:frag(IP) instead of
frag(IP:UDP:ESP:IP)). fraglen is the maximum size of the
fragments. 552 should work anywhere, but the higher
fraglen is, the better the performance.
Note that because PMTU discovery is broken on many sites,
you will have to use MSS clamping if you want TCP to work
correctly.
initial_contact (on | off);
Enable this to send an INITIAL-CONTACT message. The
default value is on. This message is useful only when
the responder implementation chooses an old SA when there
are multiple SAs with different established time and the
initiator reboots. If racoon did not send the message,
the responder would use an old SA even when a new SA was
established. For systems that use a KAME derived IPSEC
stack, the sysctl(8) variable net.key.preferred_oldsa can
be used to control this preference. When the value is
zero, the stack always uses a new SA.
passive (on | off);
If you do not want to initiate the negotiation, set this
to on. The default value is off. It is useful for a
server.
proposal_check level;
Specifies the action of lifetime length, key length and
PFS of the phase 2 selection on the responder side, and
the action of lifetime check in phase 1. The default
level is strict. If the level is:
obey The responder will obey the initiator anytime.
strict If the responder's lifetime length is longer than
the initiator's or the responder's key length is
shorter than the initiator's, the responder will
use the initiator's value. Otherwise, the pro‐
posal will be rejected. If PFS is not required
by the responder, the responder will obey the
proposal. If PFS is required by both sides and
the responder's group is not equal to the initia‐
tor's, then the responder will reject the pro‐
posal.
claim If the responder's lifetime length is longer than
the initiator's or the responder's key length is
shorter than the initiator's, the responder will
use the initiator's value. If the responder's
lifetime length is shorter than the initiator's,
the responder uses its own length AND sends a
RESPONDER-LIFETIME notify message to an initiator
in the case of lifetime (phase 2 only). For PFS,
this directive behaves the same as strict.
exact If the initiator's lifetime or key length is not
equal to the responder's, the responder will
reject the proposal. If PFS is required by both
sides and the responder's group is not equal to
the initiator's, then the responder will reject
the proposal.
support_proxy (on | off);
If this value is set to on, then both values of ID pay‐
loads in the phase 2 exchange are always used as the
addresses of end-point of IPsec-SAs. The default is off.
generate_policy (on | off | require | unique);
This directive is for the responder. Therefore you
should set passive to on in order that racoon(8) only
becomes a responder. If the responder does not have any
policy in SPD during phase 2 negotiation, and the direc‐
tive is set to on, then racoon(8) will choose the first
proposal in the SA payload from the initiator, and gener‐
ate policy entries from the proposal. It is useful to
negotiate with clients whose IP address is allocated
dynamically. Note that an inappropriate policy might be
installed into the responder's SPD by the initiator, so
other communications might fail if such policies are
installed due to a policy mismatch between the initiator
and the responder. on and require values mean the same
thing (generate a require policy). unique tells racoon
to set up unique policies, with a monotoning increasing
reqid number (between 1 and IPSEC_MANUAL_REQID_MAX).
This directive is ignored in the initiator case. The
default value is off.
nat_traversal (on | off | force);
This directive enables use of the NAT-Traversal IPsec
extension (NAT-T). NAT-T allows one or both peers to
reside behind a NAT gateway (i.e., doing address- or
port-translation). If a NAT gateway is detected during
the phase 1 handshake, racoon will attempt to negotiate
the use of NAT-T with the remote peer. If the negotia‐
tion succeeds, all ESP and AH packets for the given con‐
nection will be encapsulated into UDP datagrams (port
4500, by default). Possible values are:
on NAT-T is used when a NAT gateway is detected
between the peers.
off NAT-T is not proposed/accepted. This is the
default.
force NAT-T is used regardless of whether a NAT gateway
is detected between the peers or not.
Please note that NAT-T support is a compile-time option.
Although it is enabled in the source distribution by
default, it may not be available in your particular
build. In that case you will get a warning when using
any NAT-T related config options.
dpd_delay delay;
This option activates the DPD and sets the time (in sec‐
onds) allowed between 2 proof of liveliness requests.
The default value is 0, which disables DPD monitoring,
but still negotiates DPD support.
dpd_retry delay;
If dpd_delay is set, this sets the delay (in seconds) to
wait for a proof of liveliness before considering it as
failed and send another request. The default value is 5.
dpd_maxfail number;
If dpd_delay is set, this sets the maximum number of
liveliness proofs to request (without reply) before con‐
sidering the peer is dead. The default value is 5.
nonce_size number;
define the byte size of nonce value. Racoon can send any
value although RFC2409 specifies that the value MUST be
between 8 and 256 bytes. The default size is 16 bytes.
ph1id number;
An optionnal number to identify the remote proposal and
to link it only with sainfos who have the same number.
Defaults to 0.
proposal { sub-substatements }
encryption_algorithm algorithm;
Specifies the encryption algorithm used for the
phase 1 negotiation. This directive must be
defined. algorithm is one of following: des,
3des, aes for Oakley. For other transforms, this
statement should not be used.
hash_algorithm algorithm;
Defines the hash algorithm used for the phase 1
negotiation. This directive must be defined.
algorithm is one of following: md5, sha1, sha256,
sha384, sha512 for Oakley.
authentication_method type;
Defines the authentication method used for the
phase 1 negotiation. This directive must be
defined. type is one of: pre_shared_key,
hybrid_rsa_server, hybrid_rsa_client,
xauth_rsa_server, xauth_rsa_client,
xauth_psk_server or xauth_psk_client,
eap_psk_client, eap_rsa_client.
dh_group group;
Defines the group used for the Diffie-Hellman
exponentiations. This directive must be defined.
group is one of following: modp1024, modp1536,
modp2048, modp3072, modp4096, modp6144 or
modp8192. Or you can define 2 , 5 , 14 , 15 , 16
, 17 or 18 as the DH group number. When you want
to use aggressive mode, you must define the same
DH group in each proposal.
lifetime time number timeunit;
Defines the lifetime of the phase 1 SA proposal.
Refer to the description of the lifetime direc‐
tive defined in the remote directive.
Policy Specifications
The policy directive is obsolete, policies are now in the SPD. racoon(8)
will obey the policy configured into the kernel by setkey(8), and will
construct phase 2 proposals by combining sainfo specifications in
racoon.conf, and policies in the kernel.
Sainfo Specifications
sainfo (source_id destination_id | source_id anonymous | anonymous
destination_id | anonymous) [from idtype [string]] [group string]
{ statements }
defines the parameters of the IKE phase 2 (IPsec-SA establish‐
ment). source_id and destination_id are constructed like:
address address [/ prefix] [[port]] ul_proto
or
subnet address [/ prefix] [[port]] ul_proto
or
idtype string
An id string should be expressed to match the exact value of an
ID payload (source is the local end, destination is the remote
end). This is not like a filter rule. For example, if you
define 3ffe:501:4819::/48 as source_id. 3ffe:501:4819:1000:/64
will not match.
In the case of a longest prefix (selecting a single host),
address instructs to send ID type of ADDRESS while subnet
instructs to send ID type of SUBNET. Otherwise, these instruc‐
tions are identical.
The group keyword allows an XAuth group membership check to be
performed for this sainfo section. When the mode_cfg auth source
is set to system or ldap, the XAuth user is verified to be a mem‐
ber of the specified group before allowing a matching SA to be
negotiated.
pfs_group group;
define the group of Diffie-Hellman exponentiations. If
you do not require PFS then you can omit this directive.
Any proposal will be accepted if you do not specify one.
group is one of following: modp1024, modp1536, modp2048,
modp3072, modp4096, modp6144 or modp8192. Or you can
define 2 , 5 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 or 18 as the DH group
number.
lifetime time number timeunit;
define how long an IPsec-SA will be used, in timeunits.
Any proposal will be accepted, and no attribute(s) will
be proposed to the peer if you do not specify it(them).
See the proposal_check directive.
remoteid number;
Sainfos will only be used if their remoteid matches the
ph1id of the remote section used for phase 1. Defaults
to 0, which is also the default for ph1id.
my_identifier idtype ...;
is obsolete. It does not make sense to specify an iden‐
tifier in the phase 2.
racoon(8) does not have a list of security protocols to be nego‐
tiated. The list of security protocols are passed by SPD in the
kernel. Therefore you have to define all of the potential algo‐
rithms in the phase 2 proposals even if there are algorithms
which will not be used. These algorithms are define by using the
following three directives, with a single comma as the separator.
For algorithms that can take variable-length keys, algorithm
names can be followed by a key length, like “blowfish 448”.
racoon(8) will compute the actual phase 2 proposals by computing
the permutation of the specified algorithms, and then combining
them with the security protocol specified by the SPD. For exam‐
ple, if des, 3des, hmac_md5, and hmac_sha1 are specified as algo‐
rithms, we have four combinations for use with ESP, and two for
AH. Then, based on the SPD settings, racoon(8) will construct
the actual proposals. If the SPD entry asks for ESP only, there
will be 4 proposals. If it asks for both AH and ESP, there will
be 8 proposals. Note that the kernel may not support the algo‐
rithm you have specified.
encryption_algorithm algorithms;
des, 3des, des_iv64, des_iv32, null_enc ,rijndael, aes
(used with ESP)
authentication_algorithm algorithms;
des, 3des, des_iv64, des_iv32, hmac_md5, hmac_sha1,
hmac_sha256, hmac_sha384, hmac_sha512, non_auth (used
with ESP authentication and AH)
compression_algorithm algorithms;
deflate (used with IPComp)
Logging level
log level;
Defines the logging level. level is one of following: error,
warning, notify, info, debug and debug2. The default is info.
If you set the logging level too high on slower machines, IKE
negotiation can fail due to timing constraint changes.
Specifies the way to pad
padding { statements }
specifies the padding format. The following are valid state‐
ments:
randomize (on | off);
Enables the use of a randomized value for padding. The
default is on.
randomize_length (on | off);
The pad length will be random. The default is off.
maximum_length number;
Defines a maximum padding length. If randomize_length is
off, this is ignored. The default is 20 bytes.
exclusive_tail (on | off);
Means to put the number of pad bytes minus one into the
last part of the padding. The default is on.
strict_check (on | off);
Means to constrain the peer to set the number of pad
bytes. The default is off.
Special directives
complex_bundle (on | off);
defines the interpretation of proposal in the case of SA bundle.
Normally “IP AH ESP IP payload” is proposed as “AH tunnel and ESP
tunnel”. The interpretation is more common to other IKE imple‐
mentations, however, it allows very limited set of combinations
for proposals. With the option enabled, it will be proposed as
“AH transport and ESP tunnel”. The default value is off.
Pre-shared key File
The pre-shared key file defines pairs of identifiers and corresponding
shared secret keys which are used in the pre-shared key authentication
method in phase 1. The pair in each line is separated by some number of
blanks and/or tab characters like in the hosts(5) file. Key can include
blanks because everything after the first blanks is interpreted as the
secret key. Lines starting with ‘#’ are ignored. Keys which start with
‘0x’ are interpreted as hexadecimal strings. Note that the file must be
owned by the user ID running racoon(8) (usually the privileged user), and
must not be accessible by others.
EXAMPLES
The following shows how the remote directive should be configured.
path pre_shared_key "/usr/local/v6/etc/psk.txt" ;
remote anonymous
{
exchange_mode aggressive,main,base;
lifetime time 24 hour;
proposal {
encryption_algorithm 3des;
hash_algorithm sha1;
authentication_method pre_shared_key;
dh_group 2;
}
}
sainfo anonymous
{
pfs_group 2;
lifetime time 12 hour ;
encryption_algorithm 3des, aes ;
authentication_algorithm hmac_sha1, hmac_md5 ;
compression_algorithm deflate ;
}
The following is a sample for the pre-shared key file.
10.160.94.3 mekmitasdigoat
172.16.1.133 0x12345678
194.100.55.1 whatcertificatereally
3ffe:501:410:ffff:200:86ff:fe05:80fa mekmitasdigoat
3ffe:501:410:ffff:210:4bff:fea2:8baa mekmitasdigoat
foo@kame.net mekmitasdigoat
foo.kame.net hoge
SEE ALSOracoon(8), racoonctl(8), setkey(8)HISTORY
The racoon.conf configuration file first appeared in the “YIPS” Yokogawa
IPsec implementation.
BUGS
Some statements may not be handled by racoon(8) yet.
Diffie-Hellman computation can take a very long time, and may cause
unwanted timeouts, specifically when a large D-H group is used.
SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
The use of IKE phase 1 aggressive mode is not recommended, as described
in http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/886601.
BSD September 19, 2006 BSD
