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RECV(2)			   Linux Programmer's Manual		       RECV(2)

NAME
       recv, recvfrom, recvmsg - receive a message from a socket

SYNOPSIS
       #include <sys/types.h>
       #include <sys/socket.h>

       ssize_t recv(int s, void *buf, size_t len, int flags);

       ssize_t recvfrom(int s, void *buf, size_t len, int flags,
			struct sockaddr *from, socklen_t *fromlen);

       ssize_t recvmsg(int s, struct msghdr *msg, int flags);

DESCRIPTION
       The  recvfrom() and recvmsg() calls are used to receive messages from a
       socket, and may be used to receive data on a socket whether or  not  it
       is connection-oriented.

       If  from	 is  not NULL, and the underlying protocol provides the source
       address, this source address is filled in.  The argument fromlen	 is  a
       value-result  parameter,	 initialized to the size of the buffer associ‐
       ated with from, and modified on return to indicate the actual  size  of
       the address stored there.

       The  recv()  call is normally used only on a connected socket (see con‐
       nect(2)) and is identical to recvfrom() with a NULL from parameter.

       All three routines return the length of the message on successful  com‐
       pletion.	  If  a	 message  is  too  long to fit in the supplied buffer,
       excess bytes may be discarded depending on the type of socket the  mes‐
       sage is received from.

       If  no messages are available at the socket, the receive calls wait for
       a message to arrive, unless the socket is nonblocking  (see  fcntl(2)),
       in  which case the value -1 is returned and the external variable errno
       set to EAGAIN.  The receive calls normally return any  data  available,
       up to the requested amount, rather than waiting for receipt of the full
       amount requested.

       The select(2) or poll(2) call may be used to determine when  more  data
       arrives.

       The  flags argument to a recv() call is formed by OR'ing one or more of
       the following values:

       MSG_DONTWAIT
	      Enables non-blocking operation; if the  operation	 would	block,
	      EAGAIN  is  returned  (this can also be enabled using the O_NON‐
	      BLOCK with the F_SETFL fcntl(2)).

       MSG_ERRQUEUE
	      This flag specifies that queued errors should be	received  from
	      the  socket  error  queue.   The error is passed in an ancillary
	      message  with  a	type  dependent	 on  the  protocol  (for  IPv4
	      IP_RECVERR).   The  user	should	supply	a buffer of sufficient
	      size. See cmsg(3) and ip(7) for more information.	  The  payload
	      of the original packet that caused the error is passed as normal
	      data via msg_iovec.  The original	 destination  address  of  the
	      datagram that caused the error is supplied via msg_name.

	      For local errors, no address is passed (this can be checked with
	      the cmsg_len member of the cmsghdr).  For	 error	receives,  the
	      MSG_ERRQUEUE  is	set  in	 the  msghdr.  After an error has been
	      passed, the pending socket error is  regenerated	based  on  the
	      next  queued  error and will be passed on the next socket opera‐
	      tion.

	      The error is supplied in a sock_extended_err structure:

		#define SO_EE_ORIGIN_NONE    0
		#define SO_EE_ORIGIN_LOCAL   1
		#define SO_EE_ORIGIN_ICMP    2
		#define SO_EE_ORIGIN_ICMP6   3

		struct sock_extended_err
		{
		    u_int32_t ee_errno;	  /* error number */
		    u_int8_t  ee_origin;  /* where the error originated */
		    u_int8_t  ee_type;	  /* type */
		    u_int8_t  ee_code;	  /* code */
		    u_int8_t  ee_pad;
		    u_int32_t ee_info;	  /* additional information */
		    u_int32_t ee_data;	  /* other data */
		    /* More data may follow */
		};

		struct sockaddr *SO_EE_OFFENDER(struct sock_extended_err *);

	      ee_errno contains the errno number of the queued error.  ee_ori‐
	      gin is the origin code of where the error originated.  The other
	      fields are protocol specific. The macro SOCK_EE_OFFENDER returns
	      a	 pointer  to the address of the network object where the error
	      originated from given a pointer to the  ancillary	 message.   If
	      this  address is not known, the sa_family member of the sockaddr
	      contains AF_UNSPEC and the other	fields	of  the	 sockaddr  are
	      undefined.  The  payload	of the packet that caused the error is
	      passed as normal data.

	      For local errors, no address is passed (this can be checked with
	      the  cmsg_len  member  of the cmsghdr).  For error receives, the
	      MSG_ERRQUEUE is set in the msghdr.   After  an  error  has  been
	      passed,  the  pending  socket  error is regenerated based on the
	      next queued error and will be passed on the next	socket	opera‐
	      tion.

       MSG_OOB
	      This flag requests receipt of out-of-band data that would not be
	      received in the normal data stream.  Some protocols place	 expe‐
	      dited  data  at the head of the normal data queue, and thus this
	      flag cannot be used with such protocols.

       MSG_PEEK
	      This flag causes the receive operation to return data  from  the
	      beginning	 of  the receive queue without removing that data from
	      the queue.  Thus, a subsequent receive call will return the same
	      data.

       MSG_TRUNC
	      Return  the  real	 length of the packet, even when it was longer
	      than the passed buffer. Only valid for packet sockets.

       MSG_WAITALL
	      This flag requests that  the  operation  block  until  the  full
	      request  is  satisfied.  However, the call may still return less
	      data than requested if a signal is caught, an error  or  discon‐
	      nect  occurs,  or the next data to be received is of a different
	      type than that returned.

       The recvmsg() call uses a msghdr structure to minimize  the  number  of
       directly	 supplied  parameters.	This structure has the following form,
       as defined in <sys/socket.h>:

	 struct msghdr {
	     void	  *msg_name;	   /* optional address */
	     socklen_t	   msg_namelen;	   /* size of address */
	     struct iovec *msg_iov;	   /* scatter/gather array */
	     size_t	   msg_iovlen;	   /* # elements in msg_iov */
	     void	  *msg_control;	   /* ancillary data, see below */
	     socklen_t	   msg_controllen; /* ancillary data buffer len */
	     int	   msg_flags;	   /* flags on received message */
	 };

       Here msg_name and msg_namelen specify the source address if the	socket
       is unconnected; msg_name may be given as a null pointer if no names are
       desired or required.  The fields msg_iov and msg_iovlen describe	 scat‐
       ter-gather locations, as discussed in readv(2).	The field msg_control,
       which has length msg_controllen, points to a buffer for other  protocol
       control	 related   messages  or	 miscellaneous	ancillary  data.  When
       recvmsg() is called, msg_controllen should contain the  length  of  the
       available  buffer in msg_control; upon return from a successful call it
       will contain the length of the control message sequence.

       The messages are of the form:

	 struct cmsghdr {
	     socklen_t cmsg_len;     /* data byte count, including hdr */
	     int       cmsg_level;   /* originating protocol */
	     int       cmsg_type;    /* protocol-specific type */
	 /* followed by
	     u_char    cmsg_data[]; */
	 };

       Ancillary data should  only  be	accessed  by  the  macros  defined  in
       cmsg(3).

       As  an  example,	 Linux	uses  this  auxiliary  data  mechanism to pass
       extended errors, IP options or file descriptors over Unix sockets.

       The msg_flags field in the msghdr is set on return  of  recvmsg().   It
       can contain several flags:

       MSG_EOR
	      indicates	 end-of-record;	 the  data returned completed a record
	      (generally used with sockets of type SOCK_SEQPACKET).

       MSG_TRUNC
	      indicates that the trailing portion of a datagram was  discarded
	      because the datagram was larger than the buffer supplied.

       MSG_CTRUNC
	      indicates	 that  some control data were discarded due to lack of
	      space in the buffer for ancillary data.

       MSG_OOB
	      is returned to indicate that expedited or out-of-band data  were
	      received.

       MSG_ERRQUEUE
	      indicates	 that  no data was received but an extended error from
	      the socket error queue.

RETURN VALUE
       These calls return the number of bytes received,	 or  -1	 if  an	 error
       occurred.  The  return  value  will be 0 when the peer has performed an
       orderly shutdown.

ERRORS
       These are some standard errors generated by  the	 socket	 layer.	 Addi‐
       tional  errors may be generated and returned from the underlying proto‐
       col modules; see their manual pages.

       EAGAIN The socket is marked  non-blocking  and  the  receive  operation
	      would  block,  or a receive timeout had been set and the timeout
	      expired before data was received.

       EBADF  The argument s is an invalid descriptor.

       ECONNREFUSED
	      A remote host refused to allow the network connection (typically
	      because it is not running the requested service).

       EFAULT The  receive  buffer  pointer(s)	point  outside	the  process's
	      address space.

       EINTR  The receive was interrupted by delivery of a signal  before  any
	      data were available.

       EINVAL Invalid argument passed.

       ENOMEM Could not allocate memory for recvmsg().

       ENOTCONN
	      The socket is associated with a connection-oriented protocol and
	      has not been connected (see connect(2) and accept(2)).

       ENOTSOCK
	      The argument s does not refer to a socket.

CONFORMING TO
       4.4BSD (these function calls first appeared in 4.2BSD), POSIX.1-2001.

       POSIX.1-2001 only describes  the	 MSG_OOB,  MSG_PEEK,  and  MSG_WAITALL
       flags.

NOTES
       The  prototypes	given above follow glibc2.  The Single Unix Specifica‐
       tion agrees, except that it has return values of type `ssize_t'	(while
       4.x  BSD	 and  libc4  and libc5 all have `int').	 The flags argument is
       `int' in 4.x BSD, but `unsigned int' in libc4 and libc5.	 The len argu‐
       ment is `int' in 4.x BSD, but `size_t' in libc4 and libc5.  The fromlen
       argument is  `int  *'  in  4.x  BSD,  libc4  and	 libc5.	  The  present
       `socklen_t *' was invented by POSIX.  See also accept(2).

       According  to  POSIX.1-2001,  the  msg_controllen  field	 of the msghdr
       structure should be typed as socklen_t, but glibc currently (2.4) types
       it as size_t.

SEE ALSO
       fcntl(2),  getsockopt(2),  read(2),  select(2), shutdown(2), socket(2),
       cmsg(3), sockatmark(3)

Linux Man Page			  2002-12-31			       RECV(2)
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