SGEN(7D)SGEN(7D)NAMEsgen - Generic SCSI device driver
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/scsi/targets/sgendef.h>
sgen@target,lun:<devtype>
DESCRIPTION
The sgen driver exports the uscsi(7I) interfaces to user processes.
The sgen driver can be configured to bind to SCSI devices for which no
system driver is available. Examples of such devices include SCSI scan‐
ners and SCSI processor devices.
SECURITY
Typically, drivers which export the uscsi(7I) interface unconditionally
require that the user present superuser credentials. The sgen driver
does not, and relies on the filesystem permissions on its device spe‐
cial file to govern who may access that device. By default, access is
restricted and device nodes created by the sgen driver are readable and
writable by the superuser exclusively.
It is important to understand that SCSI devices coexisting on the same
SCSI bus may potentially interact with each other. This may result from
firmware bugs in SCSI devices, or may be made to happen programmati‐
cally by sending appropriate SCSI commands to a device. Potentially,
any application controlling a device via the sgen driver can introduce
data integrity or security problems in that device or any other device
sharing the same SCSI bus.
Granting unprivileged users access to an sgen-controlled SCSI device
may create other problems. It may be possible for a user to instruct
a target device to gather data from another target device on the same
bus. It may also be possible for malicious users to install new
firmware onto a device to which they are granted access. In environ‐
ments where security is a concern but user access to devices controlled
by the sgen driver is nontheless desired, it is recommended that the
devices be separated onto a dedicated SCSI bus to mitigate the risk of
data corruption and security violations.
CONFIGURATION
The sgen driver is configurable via the sgen.conf file. In addition to
standard SCSI device configuration directives (see scsi(4)), adminis‐
trators can set several additional properties for the sgen driver.
By default, the sgen driver will not claim or bind to any devices on
the system. To do so, it must be configured by the administrator using
the inquiry-config-list and/or the device-type-config-list properties.
As with other SCSI drivers, the sgen.conf configuration file enumerates
the targets sgen should use. See scsi(4) for more details. For each
target enumerated in the sgen.conf file, the sgen driver sends a SCSI
INQUIRY command to gather information about the device present at that
target. The inquiry-config-list property specifies that the sgen driver
should bind to a particular device returning a particular set of
inquiry data. The device-type-config-list specifies that the sgen
driver should bind to every device that is of a particular SCSI device
type. When examining the device, the sgen driver tests to see if it
matches an entry in the device-type-config-list or the inquiry-config-
list. For more detail on these two properties, see the PROPERTIES sec‐
tion.
When a match against the INQUIRY data presented by a device is made,
the sgen driver attaches to that device and creates a device node and
link in the /devices and /dev hierarchies. See the FILES section for
more information about how these files are named.
It is important for the administrator to ensure that devices claimed by
the sgen driver do not conflict with existing target drivers on the
system. For example, if the sgen driver is configured to bind to a
direct access device, the standard sd.conf file will usually cause sd
to claim the device as well. This can cause unpredictable results. In
general, the uscsi(7I) interface exported by sd(7D) or st(7D) should be
used to gain access to direct access and sequential devices.
The sgen driver is disabled by default. The sgen.conf file is shipped
with all of the 'name="sgen" class="scsi" target=...' entries commented
out to shorten boot time and to prevent the driver from consuming ker‐
nel resources. To use the sgen driver effectively on desktop systems,
simply uncomment all of the name="sgen" lines in sgen.conf file. On
larger systems with many SCSI controllers, carefully edit the sgen.conf
file so that sgen binds only where needed. Refer to driver.conf(4) for
further details.
PROPERTIES
inquiry-config-list
The inquiry-config-list property is a list of
pairs of strings that enumerates a list of spe‐
cific devices to which the sgen driver will
bind. Each pair of strings is referred to as
<vendorid, productid> in the discussion below.
vendorid
is used to match the Vendor ID reported by the device. The
SCSI specification limits Vendor IDs to eight characters.
Correspondingly, the length of this string should not
exceed eight characters. As a special case, "*" may be used
as a wildcard which matches any Vendor ID. This is useful
in situations where more than one vendor produces a partic‐
ular model of a product. vendorid is matched against the
Vendor ID reported by the device in a case-insensitive man‐
ner.
productid
is used to match the product ID reported by the device.
The SCSI specification limits product IDs to sixteen char‐
acters (unused characters are filled with the whitespace
characters). Correspondingly, the length of productid
should not exceed sixteen characters. When examining the
product ID of the device, sgen examines the length l of
productid and performs a match against only the first l
characters in the device's product ID. productid is
matched against the product ID reported by the device in a
case-insensitive manner.
For example, to match some fictitious devices from ACME corp, the
inquiry-config-list can be configured as follows:
inquiry-config-list = "ACME", "UltraToast 3000",
"ACME", "UltraToast 4000",
"ACME", "UltraToast 5000";
To match "UltraToast 4000" devices, regardless of vendor, inquiry-con‐
fig-list is modified as follows:
inquiry-config-list = "*", "UltraToast 4000";
To match every device from ACME in the "UltraToast" series (i.e Ultra‐
Toast 3000, 4000, 5000, ...), inquiry-config-list is modified as fol‐
lows:
inquiry-config-list = "ACME" "UltraToast";
Whitespace characters are significant when specifying productid. For
example, a productid of "UltraToast 1000" is fifteen characters in
length. If a device reported its ID as "UltraToast 10000", the sgen
driver would bind to it because only the first fifteen characters are
considered significant when matching. To remedy this situation, specify
productid as "UltraToast 1000 ", (note trailing space). This forces
the sgen driver to consider all sixteen characters in the product ID to
be significant.
device-type-config-list
The device-type-config-list property is a
list of strings that enumerate a list of
device types to which the sgen driver will
bind. The valid device types correspond to
those defined by the SCSI-3 SPC Draft Stan‐
dard, Rev. 11a. These types are:
│
Type Name │ Inquiry Type ID
─────────────┼─────────────────
direct │ 0x00
sequential │ 0x01
printer │ 0x02
processor │ 0x03
worm │ 0x04
rodirect │ 0x05
scanner │ 0x06
optical │ 0x07
changer │ 0x08
comm │ 0x09
prepress1 │ 0x0a
prepress2 │ 0x0b
array_ctrl │ 0x0c
ses │ 0x0d
rbc │ 0x0e
ocrw │ 0x0f
bridge │ 0x10
type_unknown │ 0x1f
Alternately, you can specify device types by INQUIRY type ID. To do
this, specify type_0x<typenum> in the sgen-config-list. Case is not
significant when specifying device type names.
sgen-diag
The sgen-diag property sets the diagnostic output level.
This property can be set globally and/or per target/lun
pair. sgen-diag is an integer property, and can be set to
0, 1, 2 or 3. Illegal values will silently default to 0.
The meaning of each diagnostic level is as follows:
0
No error reporting [default]
1
Report driver configuration information, unusual conditions, and
indicate when sense data has been returned from the device.
2
Trace the entry into and exit from routines inside the driver, and
provide extended diagnostic data. No error reporting [default].
3
Provide detailed output about command characteristics, driver
state, and the contents of each CDB passed to the driver.
In ascending order, each level includes the diagnostics that the previ‐
ous level reports. See the IOCTLS section for more infomation on the
SGEN_IOC_DIAG ioctl.
FILES
sgen.conf
Driver configuration file. See CONFIGURA‐
TION for more details.
/dev/scsi/<devtype>/cntndn
The sgen driver categorizes each device
in a separate directory by its SCSI
device type. The files inside the direc‐
tory are named according to their con‐
troller number, target ID and LUN as fol‐
lows:
cn is the controller number, tn is the
SCSI target id and dn is the SCSI LUN
This is analogous to the {controller;tar‐
get;device} naming scheme, and the con‐
troller numbers correspond to the same
controller numbers which are used for
naming disks. For example,
/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0 and /dev/scsi/scan‐
ner/c0t5d0 are both connected to con‐
troller c0.
IOCTLS
The sgen driver exports the uscsi(7I) interface for each device it man‐
ages. This allows a user process to talk directly to a SCSI device for
which there is no other driver installed in the system. Additionally,
the sgen driver supports the following ioctls:
SGEN_IOC_READY
Send a TEST UNIT READY command to the device and
return 0 upon success, non-zero upon failure. This
ioctl accepts no arguments.
SGEN_IOC_DIAG
Change the level of diagnostic reporting provided by
the driver. This ioctl accepts a single integer argu‐
ment between 0 and 3. The levels have the same mean‐
ing as in the sgen-diag property discussed in PROPER‐
TIES above.
ERRORS
EBUSY
The device was opened by another thread or process using the
O_EXCL flag, or the device is currently open and O_EXCL
is being requested.
ENXIO
During opening, the device did not respond to a TEST UNIT
READY SCSI command.
ENOTTY
Indicates that the device does not support the requested
ioctl function.
EXAMPLES
Here is an example of how sgen can be configured to bind to scanner
devices on the system:
device-type-config-list = "scanner";
The administrator should subsequently uncomment the appropriate
name="sgen"... lines for the SCSI target ID to which the scanner corre‐
sponds. In this example, the scanner is at target 4.
name= "sgen" class= "scsi" target=4 lun=0;
If it is expected that the scanner will be moved from target to target
over time, or that more scanners might be added in the future, it is
recommended that all of the name="sgen"... lines be uncommented, so
that sgen checks all of the targets on the bus.
For large systems where boot times are a concern, it is recommended
that the parent="" property be used to specify which SCSI bus sgen
should examine.
SEE ALSOdriver.conf(4), scsi(4), sd(7D), st(7D), uscsi(7I)
Writing Device Drivers
ANSI Small Computer System Interface-2 (SCSI-2)
SCSI-3 SPC Draft Standard, Rev. 11a
Mar 29, 2008 SGEN(7D)
