siege man page on DragonFly
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SIEGE(1) SIEGE(1)
NAME
siege - An HTTP/HTTPS stress tester
INTRODUCTION
Siege is a multi-threaded HTTP/FTP load testing and benchmarking util‐
ity. It was designed to let developers and administrators measure
application performance under duress. It lets you to hit a server with
a configurable number of simulated users. Those users place the server
"under siege."
Performance measures include elapsed time, total data transferred,
response time, transaction rate, throughput, concurrency and the number
of times it returned OK. These measures are quantified and reported at
the end of each run. Their meaning and significance is discussed
below.
INVOCATION
The format for invoking siege is: siege [options]
siege [options] [url]
siege -g [url]
Siege supports the following command line options:
-V, --version
VERSION, prints the version number
-h, --help
HELP, prints the help section which includes a summary of all
the command line options.
-C, --config
CONFIGURATION, prints the current configuration in the
$HOME/.siegerc file. Edit that file to set flag values for
EVERY siege run, a feature which eases runtime invocation. You
set an alternative resource file with the SIEGERC environment
variable: export SIEGERC=/home/jeff/haha
-v, --verbose
VERBOSE, prints the HTTP return status and the GET request to
the screen. Useful when reading a series of URLs from a
configuration file. This flag allows you to witness the
progress of the test.
-q, --quiet
QUIET turns off verbose and suppresses most output. This option
was added primarily for scripting with -g/--get. If you run a
full siege in quiet mode, you'll still get the opening introduc‐
tion and the final stats.
-g, --get
GET HTTP headers and display the transaction. Siege exits 1 if
the transaction doesn't contain at least one HTTP 200 response,
otherwise it exits 0. You can limit the transaction to just the
headers by setting gmethod=HEAD in $HOME/.siegerc
-c NUM, --concurrent=NUM
CONCURRENT, allows you to set the concurrent number of simulated
users to num. The number of simulated users is limited to the
resources on the computer running siege.
-i, --internet
INTERNET, generates user simulation by randomly hitting the URLs
read from the urls.txt file. This option is viable only with
the urls.txt file.
-d NUM, --delay=NUM
DELAY, each siege simulated users sleeps for a random interval
in seconds between 0 and NUM. The delay can be expressed as a
decimal, i.e., 1.5 or 0.05
-b, --benchmark
BENCHMARK, runs the test with NO DELAY for throughput benchmark‐
ing. By default each simulated user is invoked with at least a
one second delay. This option removes that delay. It is not
recommended that you use this option while load testing.
-r NUM, --reps=NUM, --reps=once
REPS, allows you to run the siege for NUM repetitions. If
--reps=once, then siege will run through the urls.txt file and
hit each URL in the file exactly once. The list will be divided
among each simulated user. So if you run --reps=once -c10 on a
file which contains 30 URLs, then each user will run three
times. NOTE: -t/--time takes precedent over -r/--reps. If you
want to use this option, make sure time = x is commented out in
your $HOME/.siegerc file.
-t NUMm, --time=NUMm
TIME, allows you to run the test for a selected period of time.
The format is "NUMm", where NUM is a time unit and the "m" modi‐
fier is either S, M, or H for seconds, minutes and hours. To
run siege for an hour, you could select any one of the following
combinations: -t3600S, -t60M, -t1H. The modifier is not case
sensitive, but it does require no space between the number and
itself.
-l [FILE], --log[=FILE]
LOG transaction stats to FILE. The argument is optional. If FILE
is not specified, then siege logs the transaction to
SIEGE_HOME/var/siege.log. If siege is installed in /usr/local,
then the default siege.log is /usr/local/var/siege.log. This
option logs the final statistics reported when siege success‐
fully completes its test. You can edit $HOME/.siegerc to change
the location of the siege.log file.
-m MESSAGE, --mark=MESSAGE
MARK, mark the log file with a separator. This option will
allow you to separate your log file entries with header informa‐
tion. This is especially useful when testing two different
servers. It is not necessary to use both the -m option and the
-l option. -m assumes -l so it marks and logs the transaction.
If the MESSAGE has spaces in it, make sure that you put it in
quotes.
-H HEADER, --header=HEADER
HEADER, this option allows you to add additional header informa‐
tion.
-R SIEGERC, --rc=SIEGERC
RC, sets the siegerc file for the run. This option overrides the
environment variable SIEGERC and the default resource file,
$HOME/.siegerc
-f FILE, --file=FILE
FILE, the default URL file is SIEGE_HOME/etc/urls.txt. To
select a different URL file, use this option, i.e., siege -f
myurls.txt
-A "User Agent", --user-agent="User Agent"
AGENT, use this option to set the User-Agent in the request.
URL FORMAT
Siege understands the following URL formats:
(brackets indicate the directive is optional)
[protocol://] host.domain.xxx [:port] [/path/file]
host.domain.xxx/file POST field=value&field2=value2
Or you can POST the contents of a file using the line input operator,
the "<" character:
host/file POST </home/jeff/haha.txt
The first example above is an implicit GET, the next two are obviously
POSTs. You can pass parameters using GET much like you would in a web
browser:
www.haha.com/form.jsp?first=homer&last=simpson
If you invoke the URL as a command line argument, you should probably
place it in quotes. Currently, it supports two protocols, http and
https. If a protocol is not specified, then siege assumes http. The
minimum URL requirement is this: servername. That's it. So if you're
in the same domain as a server named shemp and shemp is in your host
file or it is in DNS, then: "siege shemp" will stress
http://shemp.yourdomain.net/index.html (assuming that "index.html" is
the server specified index). To stress the same page using https proto‐
col, the minimum URL requirement is this: https://shemp. That URL
specification will lay siege to https://shemp.yourdomain.net/index.html
URLS FILE
To hit multiple URLs, place them in a single file. The default URLs
file is $SIEGE_HOME/etc/urls.txt. [You may change that file with the
-f option, see above.] In that file list the URLs one per line:
# place all your comments behind hashes
http://homer.whoohoo.com/index.html
http://homer.whoohoo.com/howto.jsp
http://go.whoohoo.com/cgi-bin/q.cgi?scope=a
http://go.whoohoo.com/cgi-bin/q.cgi POST scope=a
http://homer.whoohoo.com/my.jsp POST a=1&b=2
# POST the contents of a file...
www.haha.com/aha.jsp POST </home/jeff/my.txt
www.haha.com/parser.jsp POST <./my.txt
When invoked without a URL on the command line, siege looks for URLs in
a file. Normally, it reads them all into memory and runs through them
sequentially. If you specify internet mode [-i], then it randomly
selects URLs to hit.
You may set and reference variables in URLs file. It is necessary to
set them PRIOR to referencing them. The syntax for defining variables
is NAME = VALUE with a single assignment on a single line. If you
define several variables in the file, you must place each assignment on
a single line. To use the value of the variable, you must reference it
inside $() or ${}, i.e., $(NAME). If you reference a variable that
doesn't exist, siege will evaluate it to the empty string "".
# Example using variable assignment
# in the urls.txt file.
HOST = homer.whoohoo.com
http://${HOST}/index.html
http://${HOST}/howto.jsp
PERFORMANCE STATISTICS
Performance measures include elapsed time of the test, the amount of
data transferred ( including headers ), the response time of the
server, its transaction rate, its throughput, its concurrency and the
number of times it returned OK. These measures are quantified and
reported at the end of each run. The reporting format is modeled after
Lincoln Stein's torture.pl script:
** Siege 2.60
** Preparing 100 concurrent users for battle.
The server is now under siege...done
Transactions: 339 hits
Availability: 93.39 %
Elapsed time: 67.47 secs
Data transferred: 4273708 bytes
Response time: 8.25 secs
Transaction rate: 5.02 trans/sec
Throughput: 63342.34 bytes/sec
Concurrency: 41.47
Successful transactions: 337
Failed transactions: 26
Longest transaction: 17.77 secs
Shortest transaction: 0.37 secs
Transactions
The number of server hits. In the example, 25 simulated users [
-c25 ] each hit the server 10 times [ -r10 ], a total of 250
transactions. It is possible for the number of transactions to
exceed the number of hits that were scheduled. Siege counts
every server hit a transaction, which means redirections and
authentication challenges count as two hits, not one. With this
regard, siege follows the HTTP specification and it mimics
browser behavior.
Availability
This is the percentage of socket connections successfully han‐
dled by the server. It is the result of socket failures (includ‐
ing timeouts) divided by the sum of all connection attempts.
This number does not include 400 and 500 level server errors
which are recorded in "Failed transactions" described below.
Elapsed time
The duration of the entire siege test. This is measured from
the time the user invokes siege until the last simulated user
completes its transactions. Shown above, the test took 14.67
seconds to complete.
Data transferred
The sum of data transferred to every siege simulated user. It
includes the header information as well as content. Because it
includes header information, the number reported by siege will
be larger then the number reported by the server. In internet
mode, which hits random URLs in a configuration file, this num‐
ber is expected to vary from run to run.
Response time
The average time it took to respond to each simulated user's
requests.
Transaction rate
The average number of transactions the server was able to handle
per second, in a nutshell: it is the count of all transactions
divided by elapsed time.
Throughput
The average number of bytes transferred every second from the
server to all the simulated users.
Concurrency
This is the average number of simultaneous connections. The met‐
ric is calculated like this: the sum of all transaction times
divided by elapsed time (how long siege ran)
Successful transactions
The number of times the server responded with a return code <
400.
Failed transactions
The number of times the server responded with a return code >=
400 plus the sum of all failed socket transactions which
includes socket timeouts.
Longest transaction
The greatest amount of time that any single transaction took,
out of all transactions.
Shortest transaction
The smallest amount of time that any single transaction took,
out of all transactions.
AUTHOR
Jeffrey Fulmer, et al. <jeff@joedog.org>
BUGS
Report bugs to jeff@joedog.org. Give a detailed description of the
problem and report the version of siege that you are using.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2000 2001 2004 Jeffrey Fulmer, et al.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MER‐
CHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General
Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
AVAILABILITY
The most recent released version of siege is available by anonymous FTP
from ftp.joedog.org in the directory pub/siege.
SEE ALSO
siege.config(1) urls_txt(5) layingsiege(7)
Siege v3.1.3 December-23-2015 SIEGE(1)
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