TXT2HTML(1) User Contributed Perl Documentation TXT2HTML(1)NAMEtxt2html - convert plain text file to HTML.
VERSION
This describes version 2.51 of txt2html.
SYNOPSIStxt2html--help | --manpage
txt2html [ --append_file filename ] [ --append_head filename ]
[ --body_deco string ] [ --bold_delimiter string ]
[ --bullets string ] [ --bullets_ordered string ] [ --caps_tag tag
]
{ --custom_heading_regexp regexp } [ --debug ] [ --demoronize ]
[ --default_link_dict filename ] [ --dict_debug n ]
[ --doctype doctype ] [ --eight_bit_clean ] [ --escape_HTML_chars ]
[ --explicit_headings ] [ --extract ] [ --hrule_min n ]
[ --indent_width n ] [ --indent_par_break ]
{ --infile filename | --instring string }
[ --italic_delimiter string ] { --links_dictionaries filename }
[ --link_only ] [ --lower_case_tags ] [ --mailmode ]
[ --make_anchors ] [ --make_tables ] [ --min_caps_length n ]
[ --outfile filename ] [ --par_indent n ]
[ --preformat_trigger_lines n ] [ --endpreformat_trigger_lines n ]
[ --preformat_start_marker regexp ] [ --preformat_end_marker regexp
]
[ --preformat_whitespace_min n ] [ --prepend_file filename ]
[ --preserve_indent ] [ --short_line_length n ]
[ --style_url stylesheet_url ] [ --tab_width n ]
[ --table_type type=0/1 ] [ --title title ] [ --titlefirst ]
[ --underline_delimiter string ] [ --underline_length_tolerance n ]
[ --underline_offset_tolerance n ] [ --unhyphenation ]
[ --use_mosaic_header ] [ --use_preformat_marker ] [ --xhtml ]
[file ...]
DESCRIPTIONtxt2html converts plain text files to HTML.
It supports headings, tables, lists, simple character markup, and
hyperlinking, and is highly customizable. It recognizes some of the
apparent structure of the source document (mostly whitespace and
typographic layout), and attempts to mark that structure explicitly
using HTML. The purpose for this tool is to provide an easier way of
converting existing text documents to HTML format.
One can use txt2html as a filter, outputting the result to STDOUT, or
to a given file.
One can define options in a config file as well as on the command-line.
OPTIONS
Option names can be abbreviated to the shortest unique name for that
option. Options can start with "--" or "-". Boolean options can be
negated by preceding them with "no"; options with hash or array values
can be added to by giving the option again for each value.
See Getopt::Long for more information.
If the Getopt::ArgvFile module is installed, then groups of options can
be read from a file or files designated by the @ character preceding
the name. For example:
txt2html @poem_options --outfile poem_glory.html poem_glory.txt
See "Options Files" for more information.
Help options:
--help
Display short help and exit.
--manpage
Display full documentation and exit. This requires perldoc to be
installed.
General options:
--append_file filename | --append filename | --append_body filename
If you want something appended by default, put the filename here.
The appended text will not be processed at all, so make sure it's
plain text or decent HTML. i.e. do not have things like:
Mary Andersen <kitty@example.com> but instead, have:
Mary Andersen <kitty@example.com>
(default: nothing)
--append_head filename | -ah filename
If you want something appended to the head by default, put the
filename here. The appended text will not be processed at all, so
make sure it's plain text or decent HTML. i.e. do not have things
like:
Mary Andersen <kitty@example.com> but instead, have:
Mary Andersen <kitty@example.com>
(default: nothing)
--body_deco string
Body decoration string: a string to be added to the BODY tag so
that one can set attributes to the BODY (such as class, style,
bgcolor etc) For example, "class='withimage'".
--bold_delimiter string
This defines what character (or string) is taken to be the
delimiter of text which is to be interpreted as bold (that is, to
be given a STRONG tag). If this is empty, then no bolding of text
will be done. (default: #)
--bullets string
This defines what single characters are taken to be "bullet"
characters for unordered lists. Note that because this is used as
a character class, if you use '-' it must come first.
(default:-=o*\267)
--bullets_ordered string
This defines what single characters are taken to be "bullet"
placeholder characters for ordered lists. Ordered lists are
normally marked by a number or letter followed by '.' or ')' or ']'
or ':'. If an ordered bullet is used, then it simply indicates
that this is an ordered list, without giving explicit numbers.
Note that because this is used as a character class, if you use '-'
it must come first. (default:nothing)
--caps_tag tag | --capstag tag | -ct tag
Tag to put around all-caps lines (default: STRONG) If an empty tag
is given, then no tag will be put around all-caps lines.
--custom_heading_regexp regexp | --heading regexp | -H regexp
Add a regexp for headings. Header levels are assigned by regexp in
order seen When a line matches a custom header regexp, it is tagged
as a header. If it's the first time that particular regexp has
matched, the next available header level is associated with it and
applied to the line. Any later matches of that regexp will use the
same header level. Therefore, if you want to match numbered header
lines, you could use something like this:
-H '^ *\d+\. \w+' -H '^ *\d+\.\d+\. \w+' -H '^ *\d+\.\d+\.\d+\. \w+'
Then lines like
" 1. Examples "
" 1.1. Things"
and " 4.2.5. Cold Fusion"
Would be marked as H1, H2, and H3 (assuming they were found in that
order, and that no other header styles were encountered). If you
prefer that the first one specified always be H1, the second always
be H2, the third H3, etc, then use the -EH/--explicit-headings
option.
This is a multi-valued option.
(default: none)
--debug
Enable copious script debugging output (don't bother, this is for
the developer)
--default_link_dict filename
The name of the default "user" link dictionary. (default:
"$ENV{'HOME'}/.txt2html.dict")
--demoronize
Convert Microsoft-generated character codes that are non-ISO codes
into something more reasonable. (default:true)
--dict_debug n | -db n
Debug mode for link dictionaries Bitwise-Or what you want to see:
1: The parsing of the dictionary
2: The code that will make the links
4: When each rule matches something
8: When each tag is created
(default: 0)
--doctype doctype | --dt doctype
This gets put in the DOCTYPE field at the top of the document,
unless it's empty.
Default : '-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd'
If --xhtml is true, the contents of this is ignored, unless it's
empty, in which case no DOCTYPE declaration is output.
--eight_bit_clean | -8
If false, convert Latin-1 characters to HTML entities. If true,
this conversion is disabled. (default: false)
--escape_HTML_chars | --escapechars | -ec
turn & < > into & > < (default: true)
--explicit_headings | -EH
Don't try to find any headings except the ones specified in the
--custom_heading_regexp option. Also, the custom headings will not
be assigned levels in the order they are encountered in the
document, but in the order they are specified on the command line.
(default: false)
--extract
Extract Mode; don't put HTML headers or footers on the result, just
the plain HTML (thus making the result suitable for inserting into
another document (or as part of the output of a CGI script).
(default: false)
--hrule_min n | --hrule n | -r n
Min number of ---s for an HRule. (default: 4)
--indent_width n | --indent n | -iw n
Indents this many spaces for each level of a list. (default: 2)
--indent_par_break | -ipb
Treat paragraphs marked solely by indents as breaks with indents.
That is, instead of taking a three-space indent as a new paragraph,
put in a <BR> and three non-breaking spaces instead. (see also
--preserve_indent) (default: false)
--infile filename
The name of the input file. This is a cumulative list argument.
If you want to process more than one file, just add another
--infile file to the list of arguments. Or else just add the
filename without the option, after all the options. Note that the
special file name of '-' means standard input.
(default:-)
--instring string
An input string. One can either have input files or input strings,
not both. If you want to process more than one string, just add
another --instring string to the list of arguments.
--italic_delimiter string
This defines what character (or string) is taken to be the
delimiter of text which is to be interpreted as italic (that is, to
be given a EM tag). If this is empty, no italicising of text will
be done. (default: *)
--links_dictionaries filename | --link filename | -l filename
File to use as a link-dictionary. There can be more than one of
these. These are in addition to the System Link Dictionary and the
User Link Dictionary.
--link_only | --linkonly | -LO
Do no escaping or marking up at all, except for processing the
links dictionary file and applying it. This is useful if you want
to use the linking feature on an HTML document. If the HTML is a
complete document (includes HTML,HEAD,BODY tags, etc) then you'll
probably want to use the --extract option also. (default: false)
--lower_case_tags
Force all the tags to be in lower-case.
--mailmode | -m
Deal with mail headers & quoted text. The mail header paragraph is
given the class 'mail_header', and mail-quoted text is given the
class 'quote_mail'. (default: false)
--make_anchors | --anchors
Should we try to make anchors in headings? (default: true)
--make_links
Should we try to build links? If this is false, then the links
dictionaries are not consulted and only structural text-to-HTML
conversion is done. (default: true)
--make_tables | --tables
Should we try to build tables? If true, spots tables and marks
them up appropriately. See "Input File Format" for information on
how tables should be formatted.
This overrides the detection of lists; if something looks like a
table, it is taken as a table, and list-checking is not done for
that paragraph.
(default: false)
--min_caps_length n | --caps n | -c n
min sequential CAPS for an all-caps line (default: 3)
--outfile filename
The name of the output file. If it is "-" then the output goes to
Standard Output. (default: - )
--par_indent n
Minumum number of spaces indented in first lines of paragraphs.
Only used when there's no blank line preceding the new paragraph.
(default: 2)
--preformat_trigger_lines n | --prebegin n | -pb n
How many lines of preformatted-looking text are needed to switch to
<PRE>
<= 0 : Preformat entire document
1 : one line triggers
>= 2 : two lines trigger
(default: 2)
--endpreformat_trigger_lines n | --preend n | -pe n
How many lines of unpreformatted-looking text are needed to switch
from <PRE>
<= 0 : Never preformat within document
1 : one line triggers
>= 2 : two lines trigger (default: 2)
NOTE for --prebegin and --preend: A zero takes precedence. If one
is zero, the other is ignored. If both are zero, entire document
is preformatted.
--preformat_start_marker regexp
What flags the start of a preformatted section if
--use_preformat_marker is true.
(default: "^(:?(:?<)|<)PRE(:?(:?>)|>)\$")
--preformat_end_marker regexp
What flags the end of a preformatted section if
--use_preformat_marker is true.
(default: "^(:?(:?<)|<)/PRE(:?(:?>)|>)\$")
--preformat_whitespace_min n | --prewhite n | -p n
Minimum number of consecutive whitespace characters to trigger
normal preformatting. NOTE: Tabs are expanded to spaces before
this check is made. That means if tab_width is 8 and this is 5,
then one tab may be expanded to 8 spaces, which is enough to
trigger preformatting. (default: 5)
--prepend_file filename | --prepend_body filename | --pp filename
If you want something prepended to the processed body text, put the
filename here. The prepended text will not be processed at all, so
make sure it's plain text or decent HTML.
(default: nothing)
--preserve_indent | -pi
Preserve the first-line indentation of paragraphs marked with
indents by replacing the spaces of the first line with non-breaking
spaces. (default: false)
--short_line_length n | --shortline n | -s n
Lines this short (or shorter) must be intentionally broken and are
kept that short. (default: 40)
--style_url stylesheet_url
This gives the URL of a stylesheet; a LINK tag will be added to the
output.
--tab_width n | --tabwidth n | -tw n
How many spaces equal a tab? (default: 8)
--table_type type=0/1
--table_type ALIGN=1 --table_type BORDER=0
This determines which types of tables will be recognised when
"make_tables" is true. The possible types are ALIGN, PGSQL, BORDER
and DELIM. (default: all types are true)
--title title | -t title
You can specify a title. Otherwise it will use a blank one.
(default: nothing)
--titlefirst | -tf
Use the first non-blank line as the title.
--underline_delimiter string
This defines what character (or string) is taken to be the
delimiter of text which is to be interpreted as underlined (that
is, to be given a <U> tag). If this is empty, then no underlining
of text will be done. This is NOT the same as the following
"underline" options, which are about underlining of "header"
sections. (default: _)
--underline_length_tolerance n | --ulength n | -ul n
How much longer or shorter can header underlines be and still be
header underlines? (default: 1)
--underline_offset_tolerance n | --uoffset n | -uo n
How far offset can header underlines be and still be header
underlines? (default: 1)
--unhyphenation | --unhypnenate | -u
Enables unhyphenation of text. (default: true)
--use_mosaic_header | --mosaic | -mh
Use this option if you want to force the heading styles to match
what Mosaic outputs. (Underlined with "***"s is H1, with "==="s is
H2, with "+++" is H3, with "---" is H4, with "~~~" is H5 and with
"..." is H6) This was the behavior of txt2html up to version 1.10.
(default: false)
--use_preformat_marker | --preformat_marker | -pm
Turn on preformatting when encountering "<PRE>" on a line by
itself, and turn it off when there's a line containing only
"</PRE>". When such preformatted text is detected, the PRE tag
will be given the class 'quote_explicit'. (default: off)
--xhtml
Try to make the output conform to the XHTML standard, including
closing all open tags and marking empty tags correctly. This turns
on --lower_case_tags and overrides the --doctype option. Note that
if you add a header or a footer file, it is up to you to make it
conform; the header/footer isn't touched by this. Likewise, if you
make link-dictionary entries that break XHTML, then this won't fix
them, except to the degree of putting all tags into lower-case.
(default: true)
FILE FORMATS
Options Files
Options can be given in files as well as on the command-line by
flagging an option file with @filename in the command-line. Also, the
files ~/.txt2htmlrc and ./.txt2htmlrc are checked for options.
The format is as follows: Lines starting with # are comments. Lines
enclosed in PoD markers are also comments. Blank lines are ignored.
The options themselves should be given the way they would be on the
command line, that is, the option name (including the --) followed by
its value (if any).
For example:
# set link dictionaries
--default_link_dict /home/kat/.TextToHTML.dict
# set options for poetry
--titlefirst
--short_line_length 60
See Getopt::ArgvFile for more information.
Link Dictionary
A link dictionary file contains patterns to match, and what to convert
them to. It is called a "link" dictionary because it was intended to
be something which defined what a href link was, but it can be used for
more than that. However, if you wish to define your own links, it is
strongly advised to read up on regular expressions (regexes) because
this relies heavily on them.
The file consists of comments (which are lines starting with #) and
blank lines, and link entries. Each entry consists of a regular
expression, a -> separator (with optional flags), and a link "result".
In the simplest case, with no flags, the regular expression defines the
pattern to look for, and the result says what part of the regular
expression is the actual link, and the link which is generated has the
href as the link, and the whole matched pattern as the visible part of
the link. The first character of the regular expression is taken to be
the separator for the regex, so one could either use the traditional /
separator, or something else such as | (which can be helpful with URLs
which are full of / characters).
So, for example, an ftp URL might be defined as:
|ftp:[\w/\.:+\-]+| -> $&
This takes the whole pattern as the href, and the resultant link has
the same thing in the href as in the contents of the anchor.
But sometimes the href isn't the whole pattern.
/<URL:\s*(\S+?)\s*>/ --> $1
With the above regex, a () grouping marks the first subexpression,
which is represented as $1 (rather than $& the whole expression). This
entry matches a URL which was marked explicity as a URL with the
pattern <URL:foo> (note the < is shown as the entity, not the
actual character. This is because by the time the links dictionary is
checked, all such things have already been converted to their HTML
entity forms) This would give us a link in the form <A
HREF="foo"><URL:foo></A>
The h flag
However, if we want more control over the way the link is constructed,
we can construct it ourself. If one gives the h flag, then the
"result" part of the entry is taken not to contain the href part of the
link, but the whole link.
For example, the entry:
/<URL:\s*(\S+?)\s*>/ -h-> <A HREF="$1">$1</A>
will take <URL:foo> and give us <A HREF="foo">foo</A>
However, this is a very powerful mechanism, because it can be used to
construct custom tags which aren't links at all. For example, to flag
*italicised words* the following entry will surround the words with EM
tags.
/\B\*([a-z][a-z -]*[a-z])\*\B/ -hi-> <EM>$1</EM>
The i flag
This turns on ignore case in the pattern matching.
The e flag
This turns on execute in the pattern substitution. This really only
makes sense if h is turned on too. In that case, the "result" part of
the entry is taken as perl code to be executed, and the result of that
code is what replaces the pattern.
The o flag
This marks the entry as a once-only link. This will convert the first
instance of a matching pattern, and ignore any others further on.
For example, the following pattern will take the first mention of
HTML::TextToHTML and convert it to a link to the module's home page.
"HTML::TextToHTML" -io-> http://www.example.com/tools/text_to_html/
Input File Format
For the most part, this module tries to use intuitive conventions for
determining the structure of the text input. Unordered lists are
marked by bullets; ordered lists are marked by numbers or letters; in
either case, an increase in indentation marks a sub-list contained in
the outer list.
Headers (apart from custom headers) are distinguished by "underlines"
underneath them; headers in all-capitals are distinguished from those
in mixed case. All headers, both normal and custom headers, are
expected to start at the first line in a "paragraph".
Tables require a more rigid convention. A table must be marked as a
separate paragraph, that is, it must be surrounded by blank lines.
Tables come in different types. For a table to be parsed, its
--table_type option must be on, and the --make_tables option must be
true.
ALIGN Table Type
Columns must be separated by two or more spaces (this prevents
accidental incorrect recognition of a paragraph where interword spaces
happen to line up). If there are two or more rows in a paragraph and
all rows share the same set of (two or more) columns, the paragraph is
assumed to be a table. For example
-e File exists.
-z File has zero size.
-s File has nonzero size (returns size).
becomes
<table>
<tr><td>-e</td><td>File exists.</td></tr>
<tr><td>-z</td><td>File has zero size.</td></tr>
<tr><td>-s</td><td>File has nonzero size (returns size).</td></tr>
</table>
This guesses for each column whether it is intended to be left, centre
or right aligned.
BORDER Table Type
This table type has nice borders around it, and will be rendered with a
border, like so:
+---------+---------+
| Column1 | Column2 |
+---------+---------+
| val1 | val2 |
| val3 | val3 |
+---------+---------+
The above becomes
<table border="1">
<thead><tr><th>Column1</th><th>Column2</th></tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>val1</td><td>val2</td></tr>
<tr><td>val3</td><td>val3</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
It can also have an optional caption at the start.
My Caption
+---------+---------+
| Column1 | Column2 |
+---------+---------+
| val1 | val2 |
| val3 | val3 |
+---------+---------+
PGSQL Table Type
This format of table is what one gets from the output of a Postgresql
query.
Column1 | Column2
---------+---------
val1 | val2
val3 | val3
(2 rows)
This can also have an optional caption at the start. This table is
also rendered with a border and table-headers like the BORDER type.
DELIM Table Type
This table type is delimited by non-alphanumeric characters, and has to
have at least two rows and two columns before it's recognised as a
table.
This one is delimited by the '| character:
| val1 | val2 |
| val3 | val3 |
But one can use almost any suitable character such as : # $ % + and so
on. This is clever enough to figure out what you are using as the
delimiter if you have your data set up like a table. Note that the
line has to both begin and end with the delimiter, as well as using it
to separate values.
This can also have an optional caption at the start.
EXAMPLES
Convert one file to HTML
txt2html--infile thing.txt --outfile thing.html
This will create a HTML file called "thing.html" from the plain text
file "thing.txt".
BUGS
Tell me about them.
PREREQUISITES
Pod::Usage
HTML::TextToHTML
Getopt::Long
Getopt::ArgvFile
File::Basename
YAML::Syck
perldoc
SCRIPT CATEGORIES
Web
ENVIRONMENT
HOME
txt2html looks in the HOME directory for config files.
FILES
These files are only read if the Getopt::ArgvFile module is available
on the system.
"~/.txt2htmlrc"
User configuration file.
".txt2htmlrc"
Configuration file in the current working directory; overrides
options in "~/.txt2htmlrc" and is overridden by command-line
options.
SEE ALSOperl(1)htmltoc(1) HTML::TextToHTML Getopt::Long Getopt::ArgvFile
AUTHOR
Kathryn Andersen (RUBYKAT)
perlkat AT katspace dot com
http//www.katspace.com/
based on txt2html by Seth Golub
COPYRIGHT
Original txt2html script copyright (c) 1994-2000 Seth Golub seth AT
aigeek.com
Copyright (c) 2002-2005 Kathryn Andersen
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself.
perl v5.20.2 2015-08-30 TXT2HTML(1)
