ZDB(1M)ZDB(1M)NAMEzdb - Display zpool debugging and consistency information
SYNOPSISzdb [-CumdibcsDvhLXFPA] [-e [-p path...]] [-t txg]
[-U cache] [-M inflight I/Os] [poolname
[object ...]]
zdb [-divPA] [-e [-p path...]] [-U cache]
dataset [object ...]
zdb-m [-LXFPA] [-t txg] [-e [-p path...]] [-U cache]
poolname [vdev [metaslab ...]]
zdb-R [-A] [-e [-p path...]] [-U cache] poolname
vdev:offset:size[:flags]
zdb-S [-AP] [-e [-p path...]] [-U cache] poolname
zdb-l [-uA] device
zdb-C [-A] [-U cache]
DESCRIPTION
The zdb utility displays information about a ZFS pool useful for debug‐
ging and performs some amount of consistency checking. It is a not a
general purpose tool and options (and facilities) may change. This is
neither a fsck(1M) nor an fsdb(1M) utility.
The output of this command in general reflects the on-disk structure of
a ZFS pool, and is inherently unstable. The precise output of most
invocations is not documented, a knowledge of ZFS internals is assumed.
When operating on an imported and active pool it is possible, though
unlikely, that zdb may interpret inconsistent pool data and behave
erratically.
OPTIONS
Display options:
-b
Display statistics regarding the number, size (logical, physical
and allocated) and deduplication of blocks.
-c
Verify the checksum of all metadata blocks while printing block
statistics (see -b).
If specified multiple times, verify the checksums of all blocks.
-C
Display information about the configuration. If specified with no
other options, instead display information about the cache file
(/etc/zfs/zpool.cache). To specify the cache file to display, see
-U.
If specified multiple times, and a pool name is also specified dis‐
play both the cached configuration and the on-disk configuration.
If specified multiple times with -e also display the configuration
that would be used were the pool to be imported.
-d
Display information about datasets. Specified once, displays basic
dataset information: ID, create transaction, size, and object
count.
If specified multiple times provides greater and greater verbosity.
If object IDs are specified, display information about those spe‐
cific objects only.
-D
Display deduplication statistics, including the deduplication ratio
(dedup), compression ratio (compress), inflation due to the zfs
copies property (copies), and an overall effective ratio (dedup *
compress / copies).
If specified twice, display a histogram of deduplication statis‐
tics, showing the allocated (physically present on disk) and refer‐
enced (logically referenced in the pool) block counts and sizes by
reference count.
If specified a third time, display the statistics independently for
each deduplication table.
If specified a fourth time, dump the contents of the deduplication
tables describing duplicate blocks.
If specified a fifth time, also dump the contents of the deduplica‐
tion tables describing unique blocks.
-h
Display pool history similar to zpool history, but include internal
changes, transaction, and dataset information.
-i
Display information about intent log (ZIL) entries relating to each
dataset. If specified multiple times, display counts of each intent
log transaction type.
-l device
Display the vdev labels from the specified device. If the -u option
is also specified, also display the uberblocks on this device.
-L
Disable leak tracing and the loading of space maps. By default,
zdb verifies that all non-free blocks are referenced, which can be
very expensive.
-m
Display the offset, spacemap, and free space of each metaslab.
When specified twice, also display information about the maximum
contiguous free space and the percentage of free space in each
space map. When specified three times display every spacemap
record.
-R poolname vdev:offset:size[:flags]
Read and display a block from the specified device. By default the
block is displayed as a hex dump, but see the description of the
´r´ flag, below.
The block is specified in terms of a colon-separated tuple vdev (an
integer vdev identifier) offset (the offset within the vdev) size
(the size of the block to read) and, optionally, flags (a set of
flags, described below).
b offset
Print block pointer
d
Decompress the block
e
Byte swap the block
g
Dump gang block header
i
Dump indirect block
r
Dump raw uninterpreted block data
-s
Report statistics on zdb´s I/O. Display operation counts, band‐
width, and error counts of I/O to the pool from zdb.
-S
Simulate the effects of deduplication, constructing a DDT and then
display that DDT as with -DD.
-u
Display the current uberblock.
Other options:
-A
Do not abort should any assertion fail.
-AA
Enable panic recovery, certain errors which would otherwise be
fatal are demoted to warnings.
-AAA
Do not abort if asserts fail and also enable panic recovery.
-e [-p path]...
Operate on an exported pool, not present in /etc/zfs/zpool.cache.
The -p flag specifies the path under which devices are to be
searched.
-F
Attempt to make an unreadable pool readable by trying progressively
older transactions.
-M inflight I/Os
Limit the number of outstanding checksum I/Os to the specified
value. The default value is 200. This option affects the perfor‐
mance of the -c option.
-P
Print numbers in an unscaled form more amenable to parsing, eg.
1000000 rather than 1M.
-t transaction
Specify the highest transaction to use when searching for
uberblocks. See also the -u and -l options for a means to see the
available uberblocks and their associated transaction numbers.
-U cachefile
Use a cache file other than /etc/zfs/zpool.cache.
-v
Enable verbosity. Specify multiple times for increased verbosity.
-X
Attempt ´extreme´ transaction rewind, that is attempt the same
recovery as -F but read transactions otherwise deemed too old.
Specifying a display option more than once enables verbosity for only
that option, with more occurrences enabling more verbosity.
If no options are specified, all information about the named pool will
be displayed at default verbosity.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 Display the configuration of imported pool 'rpool'
# zdb-C rpool
MOS Configuration:
version: 28
name: 'rpool'
...
Example 2 Display basic dataset information about 'rpool'
# zdb-d rpool
Dataset mos [META], ID 0, cr_txg 4, 26.9M, 1051 objects
Dataset rpool/swap [ZVOL], ID 59, cr_txg 356, 486M, 2 objects
...
Example 3 Display basic information about object 0 in
'rpool/export/home'
# zdb-d rpool/export/home 0
Dataset rpool/export/home [ZPL], ID 137, cr_txg 1546, 32K, 8 objects
Object lvl iblk dblk dsize lsize %full type
0 7 16K 16K 15.0K 16K 25.00 DMU dnode
Example 4 Display the predicted effect of enabling deduplication on
'rpool'
# zdb-S rpool
Simulated DDT histogram:
bucket allocated referenced
______ ______________________________ ______________________________
refcnt blocks LSIZE PSIZE DSIZE blocks LSIZE PSIZE DSIZE
------------------------------------------------
1 694K 27.1G 15.0G 15.0G 694K 27.1G 15.0G 15.0G
2 35.0K 1.33G 699M 699M 74.7K 2.79G 1.45G 1.45G
...
dedup = 1.11, compress = 1.80, copies = 1.00, dedup * compress / copies = 2.00
SEE ALSOzfs(1M), zpool(1M)
March 6, 2014 ZDB(1M)
