DESCRIPTION
sftp is an interactive file transfer program, similar to
ftp(1), which performs all operations over an encrypted
ssh(1) transport. It may also use many features of ssh, such as public key authentication and compression.
sftp connects and logs into the specified
host, then enters an interactive command mode.
The second usage format will retrieve files automatically if a non-interactive authentication method is used; otherwise it will do so after successful interactive authentication.
The third usage format allows sftp to start in a remote directory.
The final usage format allows for automated sessions using the -b option. In such cases, it is necessary to configure non-interactive authentication to obviate the need to enter a password at connection time (see sshd(8) and ssh-keygen(1) for details).
Since some usage formats use colon characters to delimit host names from path names, IPv6 addresses must be enclosed in square brackets to avoid ambiguity.
The options are as follows:
-
-1
-
Specify the use of protocol version 1.
-
-2
-
Specify the use of protocol version 2.
-
-4
-
Forces sftp to use IPv4 addresses only.
-
-6
-
Forces sftp to use IPv6 addresses only.
-
-B buffer_size
-
Specify the size of the buffer that sftp uses when transferring files. Larger buffers require fewer round trips at the cost of higher memory consumption. The default is 32768 bytes.
-
-b batchfile
-
Batch mode reads a series of commands from an input batchfile instead of stdin. Since it lacks user interaction it should be used in conjunction with non-interactive authentication. A batchfile of ‘-' may be used to indicate standard input. sftp will abort if any of the following commands fail: get, put, rename, ln, rm, mkdir, chdir, ls, lchdir, chmod, chown, chgrp, lpwd, df, symlink, and lmkdir. Termination on error can be suppressed on a command by command basis by prefixing the command with a ‘-' character (for example, -rm /tmp/blah*).
-
-C
-
Enables compression (via ssh's -C flag).
-
-c cipher
-
Selects the cipher to use for encrypting the data transfers. This option is directly passed to ssh(1).
-
-D sftp_server_path
-
Connect directly to a local sftp server (rather than via ssh(1)). This option may be useful in debugging the client and server.
-
-F ssh_config
-
Specifies an alternative per-user configuration file for ssh(1). This option is directly passed to ssh(1).
-
-i identity_file
-
Selects the file from which the identity (private key) for public key authentication is read. This option is directly passed to ssh(1).
-
-l limit
-
Limits the used bandwidth, specified in Kbit/s.
-
-o ssh_option
-
Can be used to pass options to ssh in the format used in ssh_config(5). This is useful for specifying options for which there is no separate sftp command-line flag. For example, to specify an alternate port use: sftp -oPort=24. For full details of the options listed below, and their possible values, see ssh_config(5).
-
AddressFamily
-
-
BatchMode
-
-
BindAddress
-
-
ChallengeResponseAuthentication
-
-
CheckHostIP
-
-
Cipher
-
-
Ciphers
-
-
Compression
-
-
CompressionLevel
-
-
ConnectionAttempts
-
-
ConnectTimeout
-
-
ControlMaster
-
-
ControlPath
-
-
GlobalKnownHostsFile
-
-
GSSAPIAuthentication
-
-
GSSAPIDelegateCredentials
-
-
HashKnownHosts
-
-
Host
-
-
HostbasedAuthentication
-
-
HostKeyAlgorithms
-
-
HostKeyAlias
-
-
HostName
-
-
IdentityFile
-
-
IdentitiesOnly
-
-
IPQoS
-
-
KbdInteractiveDevices
-
-
KexAlgorithms
-
-
LogLevel
-
-
MACs
-
-
NoHostAuthenticationForLocalhost
-
-
NumberOfPasswordPrompts
-
-
PasswordAuthentication
-
-
PKCS11Provider
-
-
Port
-
-
PreferredAuthentications
-
-
Protocol
-
-
ProxyCommand
-
-
PubkeyAuthentication
-
-
RekeyLimit
-
-
RhostsRSAAuthentication
-
-
RSAAuthentication
-
-
SendEnv
-
-
ServerAliveInterval
-
-
ServerAliveCountMax
-
-
StrictHostKeyChecking
-
-
TCPKeepAlive
-
-
UsePrivilegedPort
-
-
User
-
-
UserKnownHostsFile
-
-
VerifyHostKeyDNS
-
-
-P port
-
Specifies the port to connect to on the remote host.
-
-p
-
Preserves modification times, access times, and modes from the original files transferred.
-
-q
-
Quiet mode: disables the progress meter as well as warning and diagnostic messages from ssh(1).
-
-R num_requests
-
Specify how many requests may be outstanding at any one time. Increasing this may slightly improve file transfer speed but will increase memory usage. The default is 256 outstanding requests providing for 8MB of outstanding data with a 32KB buffer.
-
-r
-
Recursively copy entire directories when uploading and downloading. Note that sftp does not follow symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal.
-
-S program
-
Name of the program to use for the encrypted connection. The program must understand ssh(1) options.
-
-s subsystem | sftp_server
-
Specifies the SSH2 subsystem or the path for an sftp server on the remote host. A path is useful for using sftp over protocol version 1, or when the remote sshd(8) does not have an sftp subsystem configured.
-
-v
-
Raise logging level. This option is also passed to ssh.
INTERACTIVE COMMANDS
Once in interactive mode,
sftp understands a set of commands similar to those of
ftp(1). Commands are case insensitive. Pathnames that contain spaces must be enclosed in quotes. Any special characters contained within pathnames that are recognized by
glob(3) must be escaped with backslashes (‘\').
-
bye
-
Quit sftp.
-
cd path
-
Change remote directory to path.
-
chgrp grp path
-
Change group of file path to grp. path may contain glob(3) characters and may match multiple files. grp must be a numeric GID.
-
chmod mode path
-
Change permissions of file path to mode. path may contain glob(3) characters and may match multiple files.
-
chown own path
-
Change owner of file path to own. path may contain glob(3) characters and may match multiple files. own must be a numeric UID.
-
df [-hi] [path]
-
Display usage information for the filesystem holding the current directory (or path if specified). If the -h flag is specified, the capacity information will be displayed using "human-readable" suffixes. The -i flag requests display of inode information in addition to capacity information. This command is only supported on servers that implement the “statvfs@openssh.com” extension.
-
exit
-
Quit sftp.
-
get [-Ppr] remote-path [local-path]
-
Retrieve the remote-file and store it on the local machine. If the local path name is not specified, it is given the same name it has on the remote machine. remote-path may contain glob(3) characters and may match multiple files. If it does and local-path is specified, then local-path must specify a directory.
If either the -P or -p flag is specified, then full file permissions and access times are copied too.
If the -r flag is specified then directories will be copied recursively. Note that sftp does not follow symbolic links when performing recursive transfers.
-
help
-
Display help text.
-
lcd path
-
Change local directory to path.
-
lls [ls-options [path]]
-
Display local directory listing of either path or current directory if path is not specified. ls-options may contain any flags supported by the local system's ls(1) command. path may contain glob(3) characters and may match multiple files.
-
lmkdir path
-
Create local directory specified by path.
-
ln [-s] oldpath newpath
-
Create a link from oldpath to newpath. If the -s flag is specified the created link is a symbolic link, otherwise it is a hard link.
-
lpwd
-
Print local working directory.
-
ls [-1afhlnrSt] [path]
-
Display a remote directory listing of either path or the current directory if path is not specified. path may contain glob(3) characters and may match multiple files.
The following flags are recognized and alter the behaviour of ls accordingly:
-
-1
-
Produce single columnar output.
-
-a
-
List files beginning with a dot (‘.').
-
-f
-
Do not sort the listing. The default sort order is lexicographical.
-
-h
-
When used with a long format option, use unit suffixes: Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte, Petabyte, and Exabyte in order to reduce the number of digits to four or fewer using powers of 2 for sizes (K=1024, M=1048576, etc.).
-
-l
-
Display additional details including permissions and ownership information.
-
-n
-
Produce a long listing with user and group information presented numerically.
-
-r
-
Reverse the sort order of the listing.
-
-S
-
Sort the listing by file size.
-
-t
-
Sort the listing by last modification time.
-
lumask umask
-
Set local umask to umask.
-
mkdir path
-
Create remote directory specified by path.
-
progress
-
Toggle display of progress meter.
-
put [-Ppr] local-path [remote-path]
-
Upload local-path and store it on the remote machine. If the remote path name is not specified, it is given the same name it has on the local machine. local-path may contain glob(3) characters and may match multiple files. If it does and remote-path is specified, then remote-path must specify a directory.
If either the -P or -p flag is specified, then full file permissions and access times are copied too.
If the -r flag is specified then directories will be copied recursively. Note that sftp does not follow symbolic links when performing recursive transfers.
-
pwd
-
Display remote working directory.
-
quit
-
Quit sftp.
-
rename oldpath newpath
-
Rename remote file from oldpath to newpath.
-
rm path
-
Delete remote file specified by path.
-
rmdir path
-
Remove remote directory specified by path.
-
symlink oldpath newpath
-
Create a symbolic link from oldpath to newpath.
-
version
-
Display the sftp protocol version.
-
!command
-
Execute command in local shell.
-
!
-
Escape to local shell.
-
?
-
Synonym for help.