ciphers(1ssl)ciphers(1ssl)NAMEciphers - SSL cipher display and cipher list tool
SYNOPSIS
openssl ciphers [-ssl2] [-ssl3] [-tls1] [-cipherlist]
OPTIONS
Verbose option. Lists ciphers with a complete description of protocol
version (SSLv2 or SSLv3; the latter includes TLS), key exchange,
authentication, encryption and mac algorithms used along with any key
size restrictions and whether the algorithm is classed as an export
cipher. Without the -v option, ciphers may seem to appear twice in a
cipher list; this is when similar ciphers are available for SSL v2 and
for SSL v3/TLS v1. Only include SSL v3 ciphers. Only include SSL v2
ciphers. Only include TLS v1 ciphers. Prints a brief usage message.
A cipher list to convert to a cipher preference list. If it is not
included then the default cipher list will be used.
CIPHER LIST FORMAT
The cipher list consists of one or more cipher strings separated by
colons. Commas or spaces are also acceptable separators but colons are
normally used.
The actual cipher string can take several different forms.
It can consist of a single cipher suite such as RC4-SHA.
It can represent a list of cipher suites containing a certain algo‐
rithm, or cipher suites of a certain type. For example SHA1 represents
all ciphers suites using the digest algorithm SHA1, and SSLv3 repre‐
sents all SSL v3 algorithms.
Lists of cipher suites can be combined in a single cipher string using
the + character. This is used as a logical and operation. For example
SHA1+DES represents all cipher suites containing the SHA1 and the DES
algorithms.
Each cipher string can be optionally preceded by the characters !, - or
+.
If ! is used then the ciphers are permanently deleted from the list.
The ciphers deleted can never reappear in the list even if they are
explicitly stated.
If - is used then the ciphers are deleted from the list, but some or
all of the ciphers can be added again by later options.
If + is used then the ciphers are moved to the end of the list. This
option doesn't add any new ciphers it just moves matching existing
ones.
If none of these characters is present then the string is just inter‐
preted as a list of ciphers to be appended to the current preference
list. If the list includes any ciphers already present they will be
ignored; that is, they will not move to the end of the list.
Additionally the cipher string @STRENGTH can be used at any point to
sort the current cipher list in order of encryption algorithm key
length.
CIPHER STRINGS
Following is a list of all permitted cipher strings and their meanings.
The default cipher list. This is determined at compile time and is nor‐
mally ALL:!ADH:RC4+RSA:+SSLv2:@STRENGTH. This must be the first cipher
string specified. All cipher suites except the eNULL ciphers which
must be explicitly enabled. Hiigh encryption cipher suites. This cur‐
rently means those with key lengths larger than 128 bits. Medium
encryption cipher suites, currently those using 128 bit encryption.
Low encryption cipher suites, currently those using 64 or 56 bit
encryption algorithms but excluding export cipher suites. Export
encryption algorithms. Including 40 and 56 bits algorithms. 40 bit
export encryption algorithms. 56 bit export encryption algorithms.
The NULL ciphers, that is those offering no encryption. Because these
offer no encryption at all and are a security risk they are disabled
unless explicitly included. The cipher suites offering no authentica‐
tion. This is currently the anonymous DH algorithms. These cipher
suites are vulnerable to a “man in the middle” attack, and so their use
is normally discouraged. Cipher suites using RSA key exchange. Cipher
suites using ephemeral DH key agreement. Cipher suites using DH key
agreement and DH certificates signed by CAs with RSA and DSS keys
respectively. Not implemented. Cipher suites using RSA authentication,
i.e. the certificates carry RSA keys. Cipher suites using DSS authen‐
tication, i.e. the certificates carry DSS keys. Cipher suites effec‐
tively using DH authentication, i.e. the certificates carry DH keys.
Not implemented. Cipher suites using FORTEZZA key exchange, authenti‐
cation, encryption or all FORTEZZA algorithms. Not implemented. TLS
v1.0, SSL v3.0 or SSL v2.0 cipher suites respectively. Cipher suites
using DH, including anonymous DH. Anonymous DH cipher suites. Cipher
suites using triple DES. Cipher suites using DES (not triple DES).
Cipher suites using RC4. Cipher suites using RC2. Cipher suites using
IDEA. Cipher suites using MD5. Cipher suites using SHA1.
CIPHER SUITE NAMES
The following lists give the SSL or TLS cipher suites names from the
relevant specification and their OpenSSL equivalents.
SSL v3.0 cipher suites
SSL_RSA_WITH_NULL_MD5 NULL-MD5
SSL_RSA_WITH_NULL_SHA NULL-SHA
SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-RC4-MD5
SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 RC4-MD5
SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA RC4-SHA
SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC2_CBC_40_MD5 EXP-RC2-CBC-MD5
SSL_RSA_WITH_IDEA_CBC_SHA IDEA-CBC-SHA
SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-DES-CBC-SHA
SSL_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA DES-CBC-SHA
SSL_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA DES-CBC3-SHA
SSL_DH_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
SSL_DH_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
SSL_DH_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
SSL_DH_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
SSL_DH_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
SSL_DH_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
SSL_DHE_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA
SSL_DHE_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-CBC-SHA
SSL_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA
SSL_DHE_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA
SSL_DHE_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA
SSL_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA
SSL_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-ADH-RC4-MD5
SSL_DH_anon_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 ADH-RC4-MD5
SSL_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-ADH-DES-CBC-SHA
SSL_DH_anon_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC-SHA
SSL_DH_anon_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC3-SHA
SSL_FORTEZZA_KEA_WITH_NULL_SHA Not implemented.
SSL_FORTEZZA_KEA_WITH_FORTEZZA_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
SSL_FORTEZZA_KEA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA Not implemented.
TLS v1.0 cipher suites
TLS_RSA_WITH_NULL_MD5 NULL-MD5
TLS_RSA_WITH_NULL_SHA NULL-SHA
TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-RC4-MD5
TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 RC4-MD5
TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA RC4-SHA
TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC2_CBC_40_MD5 EXP-RC2-CBC-MD5
TLS_RSA_WITH_IDEA_CBC_SHA IDEA-CBC-SHA
TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-DES-CBC-SHA
TLS_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA DES-CBC-SHA
TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA DES-CBC3-SHA
TLS_DH_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
TLS_DH_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA
TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-CBC-SHA
TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA
TLS_DHE_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA
TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA
TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA
TLS_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-ADH-RC4-MD5
TLS_DH_anon_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 ADH-RC4-MD5
TLS_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-ADH-DES-CBC-SHA
TLS_DH_anon_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC-SHA
TLS_DH_anon_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC3-SHA
Additional Export 1024 and other cipher suites
These ciphers can also be used in SSL v3.
TLS_RSA_EXPORT1024_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EXP1024-DES-CBC-SHA
TLS_RSA_EXPORT1024_WITH_RC4_56_SHA EXP1024-RC4-SHA
TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT1024_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EXP1024-DHE-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA
TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT1024_WITH_RC4_56_SHA EXP1024-DHE-DSS-RC4-SHA
TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_RC4_128_SHA DHE-DSS-RC4-SHA
SSL v2.0 cipher suites.
SSL_CK_RC4_128_WITH_MD5 RC4-MD5
SSL_CK_RC4_128_EXPORT40_WITH_MD5 EXP-RC4-MD5
SSL_CK_RC2_128_CBC_WITH_MD5 RC2-MD5
SSL_CK_RC2_128_CBC_EXPORT40_WITH_MD5 EXP-RC2-MD5
SSL_CK_IDEA_128_CBC_WITH_MD5 IDEA-CBC-MD5
SSL_CK_DES_64_CBC_WITH_MD5 DES-CBC-MD5
SSL_CK_DES_192_EDE3_CBC_WITH_MD5 DES-CBC3-MD5
DESCRIPTION
The cipherlist command converts OpenSSL cipher lists into ordered SSL
cipher preference lists. It can be used as a test tool to determine the
appropriate cipherlist.
NOTES
The non-ephemeral DH modes are currently unimplemented in OpenSSL
because there is no support for DH certificates.
Some compiled versions of OpenSSL may not include all the ciphers
listed here because some ciphers were excluded at compile time.
EXAMPLES
Verbose listing of all OpenSSL ciphers including NULL ciphers:
openssl ciphers-v 'ALL:eNULL'
Include all ciphers except NULL and anonymous DH then sort by strength:
openssl ciphers-v 'ALL:!ADH:@STRENGTH'
Include only 3DES ciphers and then place RSA ciphers last:
openssl ciphers-v '3DES:+RSA'
SEE ALSO
Commands: s_client(1ssl), s_server(1ssl)
Functions: ssl(3)ciphers(1ssl)