nslint(8)nslint(8)NAMEnslint - perform consistency checks on dns files
SYNOPSISnslint [ -d ] [ -c named.conf ] [ -C nslint.conf ]
nslint [ -d ] [ -b named.boot ] [ -B nslint.boot ]
DESCRIPTION
Nslint reads the nameserver configuration files and performs a number
of consistency checks on the dns records. If any problems are discov‐
ered, error messages are displayed on stderr and nslint exits with a
non-zero status.
Here is a partial list of errors nslint detects:
Records that are malformed.
Names that contain dots but are missing a trailing dot.
PTR records with names that are missing a trailing dot.
Names that contain illegal characters (rfc1034).
A records without matching PTR records
PTR records without matching A records
Names with more than one address on the same subnet.
Addresses in use by more than one name.
Names with CNAME and other records (rfc1033).
Unknown service and/or protocol keywords in WKS records.
Missing semicolons and quotes.
OPTIONS-b Specify an alternate named.boot file. The default is
/etc/namedb/named.boot.
-c Specify an alternate named.conf file. The default is
/etc/namedb/named.conf.
-B Specify an alternate nslint.boot file. The default is
nslint.boot in the last directory line processed in
named.boot (or the current working directory). This file
is processed like a second named.boot. The most common
use is to tell nslint about A records that match PTR
records that point outside the domains listed in
named.boot.
-C Specify an alternate nslint.conf file. The default is
nslint.conf in the last directory line processed in
named.conf (or the current working directory). This file
is processed like a second named.conf.
-d Raise the debugging level. Debugging information is dis‐
played on stdout.
Nslint knows how to read BIND 8 and 9's named.conf configuration
file and also older BIND's named.boot file. If both files exist,
nslint will prefer named.conf (on the theory that you forgot to
delete named.boot when you upgraded BIND).
ADVANCED CONFIGURATION
There are some cases where it is necessary to use the advanced
configuration features of nslint. Advanced configuration is
done with the nslint.conf file. (You can also use nslint.boot
which has a syntax similar to named.boot but is not described
here.)
The most common is when a site has a demilitarized zone (DMZ).
The problem here is that the DMZ network will have PTR records
for hosts outside its domain. For example lets say we have
128.0.rev with:
1.1 604800 in ptr gateway.lbl.gov.
2.1 604800 in ptr gateway.es.net.
Obviously we will define an A record for gateway.lbl.gov point‐
ing to 128.0.1.1 but we will get errors because there is no A
record defined for gateway.es.net. The solution is to create a
nslint.conf file (in the same directory as the other dns files)
with:
zone "es.net" {
type master;
file "nslint.es.net";
};
And then create the file nslint.es.net with:
gateway 1 in a 128.0.1.2
Another problem occurs when there is a CNAME that points to a
host outside the local domains. Let's say we have info.lbl.gov
pointing to larry.es.net:
info 604800 in cname larry.es.net.
In this case we would need:
zone "es.net" {
type master;
file "nslint.es.net";
};
in nslint.boot and:
larry 1 in txt "place holder"
nslint.es.net.
One last problem when a pseudo host is setup to allow two more
more actual hosts provide a service. For, let's say that lbl.gov
contains:
server 604800 in a 128.0.6.6
server 604800 in a 128.0.6.94
;
tom 604800 in a 128.0.6.6
tom 604800 in mx 0 lbl.gov.
;
jerry 604800 in a 128.0.6.94
jerry 604800 in mx 0 lbl.gov.
In this case nslint would complain about missing PTR records and
ip addresses in use by more than one host. To suppress these
warnings, add you would the lines:
zone "lbl.gov" {
type master;
file "nslint.lbl.gov";
};
zone "0.128.in-addr.arpa" {
type master;
file "nslint.128.0.rev";
};
to nslint.conf and create nslint.lbl.gov with:
server 1 in allowdupa 128.0.6.6
server 1 in allowdupa 128.0.6.94
and create nslint.128.0.rev with:
6.6 604800 in ptr server.lbl.gov.
94.6 604800 in ptr server.lbl.gov.
In this example, the allowdupa keyword tells nslint that it's ok
for 128.0.6.6 and 128.0.6.94 to be shared by server.lbl.gov,
tom.lbl.gov, and jerry.lbl.gov.
Another nslint feature helps detect hosts that have mistakenly
had two ip addresses assigned on the same subnet. This can hap‐
pen when two different people request an ip address for the same
hostname or when someone forgets an address has been assigned
and requests a new number.
To detect such A records, add a nslint section to your
nslint.conf containing something similar to:
nslint {
network "128.0.6/22";
};
or:
nslint {
network "128.0.6 255.255.252.0";
};
These two examples are are equivalent ways of saying the same
thing; that subnet 128.0.6 has a 22 bit wide subnet mask.
Using information from the above network statement, nslint would
would flag the following A records as being in error:
server 1 in a 128.0.6.48
server 1 in a 128.0.7.16
Note that if you specify any network lines in your nslint.conf
file, nslint requires you to include lines for all networks;
otherwise you might forget to add network lines for new net‐
works.
Sometimes you have a zone that nslint just can't deal with. A
good example is a dynamic dns zone. To handle this, you can add
the following to nslint.com:
nslint {
ignorezone "dhcp.lbl.gov";
};
This will suppress "name referenced without other records" warn‐
ings.
FILES
/etc/namedb/named.conf - default named configuration file
/etc/namedb/named.boot - old style named configuration file
nslint.conf - default nslint configuration file
nslint.boot - old style nslint configuration file
SEE ALSOnamed(8), rfc1033, rfc1034
AUTHOR
Craig Leres of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Uni‐
versity of California, Berkeley, CA.
The current version is available via anonymous ftp:
ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/nslint.tar.gz
BUGS
Please send bug reports to nslint@ee.lbl.gov.
Not everyone is guaranteed to agree with all the checks done.
4th Berkeley Distribution 2 May 2002 nslint(8)
