total(1)total(1)NAMEtotal - total and subtotal numeric columns in a text file according to
field keys
SYNOPSIStotal [-Ndv] <key-cols> <data-columns> <file>
DESCRIPTIONtotal reads a text file of columnar data in text and numeric format.
By default, columns are separated by one or more whitespace characters.
The -F option allows on to choose a separation character. In this case
exactly one separation character lies between columns.
total forms data keys from combinations of text and numeric columns.
and for each key value it can summarize numeric columns, either by
average, sum, minimum or maximum. After reading the file it prints a
summary of each key combination found in the file along with the summa‐
rized data. Optionally, you can summarize entire columns without
regard to key values.
OUTPUTtotal prints one line of output for each key combination. Each line
contains 0 or more key fields, and 1 or more summarization fields (if
there are 0 keys, then all records are summarized together - they are
not broken down by key).
EXAMPLE
Consider the following data file where the five columns represent city,
state, month, precipitation and average temp.
columbus ohio jan 3 25
columbus ohio feb 2 20
columbus ohio mar 5 32
akron ohio jan 5 22
akron ohio feb 8 18
akron ohio mar 3 28
bridgeport ct jan 5 29
bridgeport ct feb 1 32
bridgeport ct mar 3 41
suppose we want the average temperature for these three cities over
Jan, Feb, Mar. The command would be this,
total 1,2 5a state.fil
total uses columns 1 and 2 as data keys. Then for each unique combina‐
tion of city (column 1) and state (column 2) it takes the average tem‐
perature. The output looks like this (note that output is sorted by
key)
akron ohio 2.266667e+01
bridgeport connecticut 34
columbus ohio 2.566667e+01
If we want total precipitation for each city,
total 1,2 4 state.fil
and the output is
akron ohio 16
bridgeport connecticut 9
columbus ohio 10
If we want average temperature across each state we could try
total 2 5a state.fil
and get
ohio 2.416667e+01
connecticut 34
Finally, if we want the maximum temperature for the entire file we
could do
total - 5x state.fil
and get
41
KEY COLUMNS
The first parameter specifies the key columns. This is a comma delim‐
ited list of columns numbers with no whitespace. The columns are num‐
bered starting at column 1. In the first example above we used columns
1 and 2 (city and state) for our keys.
There is also a special value '-' which tells total not to separate
values into keys, but to summarize the entire file.
DATA COLUMNS
The second parameter specifies data columns and the action on the data
column. This is a comma delimited list with no white space. Each data
column specification consists of a column number and an optional com‐
mand in the form of a single letter. The default command is to sun the
column. The letter commands perform the following operations on the
column.
a Average.
d Standard deviation.
m Minimum.
x Maximum.
n Number of rows.
s Sum.
f Column value from first row.
l Column value from last row.
OUTPUT COLUMNS
For every key column and data column total produce an output column.
The order in which the columns are written is the same as the order in
which the key columns, and then data columns are specified on the com‐
mand line. For example, if you use the command
total 3,1 5,6,8,7 data.fil
the output file will have 6 columns, the first output column is carried
from column 3 of the input file, the second output column is carried
from column 1 of the input file, the third output column from column 5
of the input file, and so on.
OPTIONS-v Prints version and number of default hash table slots (actual
number of slots adjustable via -n option).
-d Enter debugging mode, writes out various info.
-N <nslots>
Set number of hash table slots.
BUGS
Report any to jon.rifkin@uconn.edu.
AUTHOR
j rifkin <jon.rifkin@uconn.edu>
http://www.sp.uconn.edu/~jrifkin
VERSION
0.5 May 10, 2000
total 0.9 17 Mar 2000 total(1)
