viewfax(1) Local commands viewfax(1)NAMEviewfax - display fax files in an X11 window
SYNOPSISviewfax [-fnluirvW24] [-hheight] [-wwidth] [-zzoom] [-ddisplay]
[-gwxh+x+y] [-bbell] [-mmemory] filename...
DESCRIPTIONviewfax displays one or more fax files in an X11 window. The input
files may be either raw, single-page faxes received by a fax modem with
a program such as mgetty(1), or tiff files such as those used by
hylafax. The first (or only) page of "PC-Research"-style (DigiFAX)
files produced by the ghostscript dfaxhigh or dfaxlow drivers can also
be displayed.
Input files using any common fax encoding such as group 3 (1 and 2
dimensional) and group 4 can be displayed.
The fax images are rendered at full resolution and then successively
scaled down by a linear factor of 2 prior to display, until they fit on
the screen. The display can be controlled interactively using mouse
and keyboard commands. The left mouse button expands the image by a
factor of two and the right button reduces it by the same factor. If
the image is bigger than the available window size, the middle mouse
button can be used to reposition it within the window. Hold down the
middle button while dragging the image to its new position.
If the mouse has a scroll-wheel it can be used to move an oversized
image vertically. With the shift key depressed, the wheel scrolls
through the pages. The shift sense is inverted if viewfax is started
with -W on the command-line.
Further interaction is controlled by single-key commands:
h or Help
displays a page of help information. Type 'q' to return to the
original document.
p or Prior or PgUP or - or BackSpace
displays the previous page from the command-line list.
n or Next or PgDn or + or space
displays the next page from the command-line list.
Shift HOME
displays the first page from the command-line list.
Shift END
displays the last page from the command-line list.
z zoom in (same as right mouse button).
Shift Z
zoom out (same as left mouse button).
u turns the image upside down, which is useful if the fax was
originally fed the wrong way into the machine.
Shift U
turns this and all following pages upside down.
l turns the image through 90 degrees, to view landscape text.
Shift L
turns this and all following pages sideways.
m produce a left/right mirror image of the page.
Shift M
mirror this and all following pages.
cursor arrows
reposition the displayed image if it exceeds the window size.
HOME repositions so that the top left corner is visible.
END makes the bottom right corner visible.
Print if the environment variable VIEWFAX_PRINT is defined, the cur‐
rent page is printed. All pages are printed with Shift Print.
e if the environment variable VIEWFAX_EDIT is defined, the current
page is passed to the editor. All input files can be edited
with Shift e.
q terminates the program.
Shift Q
terminates the program with non-zero exit status. Can be used
to abort a shell script, e.g. when the user is previewing an
outbound fax and decides not to send it.
OPTIONSviewfax is designed to "do the right thing" when given just a filename.
Special cases can be handled with the following options. (Note that
tiff-files contain a header which overrides the -f, -n, -h, -w, -l, -m,
and -u flags.)
-f indicates that raw input files are fine resolution (7.7
lines/mm) faxes. This is the default unless the filename begins
with "fn". Tiff and "PC-Research" (DigiFAX) files are self-
specifying.
-n indicates that raw input files are normal resolution (3.85
lines/mm) faxes. Each fax line is duplicated in the displayed
image to give approximately equal vertical and horizontal
scales.
-hheight
specifies the number of fax lines. If this option is missing,
viewfax counts the number of lines in the input file.
-wwidth
specifies the number of pixels in each scan-line. The default
value is 1728.
-l display in landscape mode.
-u turn the image upside down.
-i invert pixels (black/white).
-b preferred warning style: 'a' for audible bell (console beep),
'v' for visible bell (flash the window), 'n' for neither. 'v'
is the default.
-d or -display
use specified X server
-g or -geometry
the preferred size and position of the window, specified as
widthxheight+x+y. If a position is given (x and y values),
viewfax asks the window manager to place the window there. The
initial size of the window is constrained to be at most widthx‐
height.
If the window is subsequently resized due to the user zooming in
or out, the geometry is taken as a constraint on the screen area
which may be used by viewfax.
If you do not supply a geometry value, everything works fine
with ICCCM-compliant window managers like olwm, mwm, twm, and
tvtwm. When fully zoomed out the viewfax window will occupy the
entire screen.
Users of fvwm will notice that the title bar and left border are
moved off screen when viewfax repositions the window to (0,0).
A workaround is to use -geometry +5+23 when using fvwm. The
proper fix would be for someone to update the routine HandleCon‐
figureRequest() in fvwm/events.c to correspond to the code in
twm/events.c.
-mmemory limit
each page is kept in memory after being fetched and expanded,
which saves time if the user returns to it in the same session.
To prevent viewfax from using all the available swap space, a
limit is placed on the total size of cached images. This
defaults to 4 MBytes, enough for about 6 typical pages. If the
memory limit is exceeded, old images are discarded and must be
reloaded from disk if the user returns to them. The operation
of this mechanism is transparent apart from the occasional
delays due to reloading. The value specified on the command
line can be suffixed k or m for kilo- or megabytes.
-r the bit order of the bytes in the input file is reversed. The
fax specification deals only with serial data transmission.
Modem manufacturers have to decide whether the first bit
received should be placed in the most significant or the least
significant position in a byte. The consensus is to pack most
significant first, but the -r flag is available to deal with the
opposite order.
-v produce some informative messages (verbose mode).
-zzoom specifies an initial zoom factor. A full-scale fax will usually
not fit on the screen. If the -z option is not specified, view‐
fax scales the image by a power of 2 such that it is fully visi‐
ble at a reduced size. The user can then use the mouse buttons
(see above) to view expanded portions of the image.
-2 Assume that raw input files use group 3 two dimensional coding.
-4 Assume that raw input files use group 4 coding. The number of
fax lines (-h option) is required in this case.
ENVIRONMENT
VIEWFAX_PRINT
Defines a command that will print one or more fax pages.
VIEWFAX_EDIT
Defines a command that will calls an editor on one or more fax
pages.
These two variables are optional. If a variable is undefined, the cor‐
responding keyboard command is ignored. If the variable is defined, it
should contain the name of a command or executable script that performs
the desired function. The command should process a single page if
called with a -p page-number argument. Alternatively, if can be called
with just a list of filenames, meaning that all pages should be pro‐
cessed.
Here is an oversimplified example of a print command. Note that it
assumes that the format is tiff and will fail when handed a raw fax
file.
VIEWFAX_PRINT=printfax
/usr/local/bin/printfax:
#!/bin/sh
case "$1" in
-p) shift
dopt=`expr $1 - 1`
shift
tiff2ps -d ${dopt} -2 -h 11.69 -w 8.27 "$1" | lp
;;
*) tiff2ps -2 -h 11.69 -w 8.27 "$*" | lp
;;
esac
SEE ALSO
mgetty (http://alpha.greenie.net/mgetty/) controls data/fax/voice
modems.
hylafax (http://www.hylafax.org/) is a full-function fax client/server
system.
g3topbm(1) and xv(1) can be used in a pipeline to view faxes. This
will usually be slower than using viewfax, but xv has many capabilities
for manipulating the image and saving it in other formats.
faxview.tcl, (ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/comp/os/unix/network‐
ing/mgetty/faxview.tcl.gz) a simple dialog for viewing FAX messages by
Ralph Schleicher (rs@purple.in-ulm.de). This is a useful tool which
provides a file menu from which incoming faxes can be selected for dis‐
play with viewfax.
CCITT (now ITU) Recommendation T.4, Standardization of Group 3 Facsim‐
ile Apparatus for Document Transmission.
CCITT (now ITU) Recommendation T.6, Facsimile Coding Schemes and Coding
Control Functions for Group 4 Facsimile Apparatus.
BUGS
The user interface does not comply with any known style guide.
The help text looks moth-eaten because it is encoded as a fax. This
avoids dealing with X11 fonts.
The program does not refer to the X resources database.
AUTHOR
Frank D. Cringle (fdc@cliwe.ping.de).
Frank´s Hacks 14 November 2004 viewfax(1)
